“Hay hombres que luchan
un día, hay hombres que luchan un día y son
buenos, hay otros que luchan muchos años y son muy buenos, pero hay
quienes luchan toda la vida: Esos son imprescindibles”.
Bertolt Brecht,
dramaturgo, poeta, escritor, preso político. Fallecido en extrañas
circunstancias.
INDEX **** Moore
might look like a blob, yet he doesn't necessarily need to behave like one *** Michael Moore, instead of
disseminating
hoaxes about Venezuela, please, please produce true documentals about
the mortal coming agony
of
mankind, of world fascism. **** El ‘descubrimiento’ de América por
Cristóbal Colón: ¿La mentira más grande de todos los tiempos? El ‘descubrimiento’ de América
por Cristóbal Colón: ¿La mentira más grande de todos los tiempos? ¡VÉASE LAS CARTAS Y MI RESPUESTA
ABAJO! Por Franz J. T. Lee
**** Columbus' 'discovery' of America: the
greatest hoax of all times? Columbus' 'discovery' of
America: the greatest hoax of all times? By Franz J. T. Lee ****
Exclusive Interview with Franz J. T. Lee:
Venezuela and the USA
Wednesday, February 27, 2008 - 12:42
**** The demise of the dollar By Robert FisTuesday, October 06, 2009. **** Entrevista
a Franz J. T. Lee: De verdad
afirma que ni siquiera
Dios confía en el billete verde?
Fecha:
25/02/08
Guerra
preventiva: Bases
militares en Colombia amenazan paz de América Latina -
**** COMMENTARY: Annihilation
of all capitalist alliances, organizations, common wealths, 'unions',
'united states' or
'united nations' which perpetuate global exploitation ...
By: Franz J. T. Lee
**** Comentario:
Aniquilación de todas las alianzas capitalistas, organizaciones,
mancomunidades, uniones, 'Estados unidos' o 'naciones unidas' que
eternalizan la explotación global ...
Por: Franz J. T. Lee
****
Crisis
financiera
internacional y fin de la hegemonía del dólar: EE.UU. versus ALBA
Por: Jutta Schmitt
**** International
Financial Crisis and End of the Dollar Hegemony: United States versus ALBA By: Jutta Schmitt
***** Preparing the ground for
military aggression
against Venezuela and Latin America:
The Big Lie Strategy in operation
By Jutta Schmitt
**** Fourth Generation Warfare: Twisting our minds into total submission
Fourth Generation Warfare:
Twisting our minds into total submission
by Jutta Schmitt
**** Preparando el terreno para la agresión militar contra Venezuela y
América Latina: La estrategia de la gran mentira en operación
Por: Jutta Schmitt
**** Guerra de Cuarta Generación:
Trastornando nuestras mentes hacia la sumisión total
Por: Jutta Schmitt
****
Kwame Nkrumah: La Cara Oscura de la Revolución Bolivariana
**** Kwame Nkrumah: The dark face of the Bolivarian Revolution
**** Moore
might look like a blob, yet he doesn't necessarily need to behave like
one
Eva has all the right to feel
outraged at Moore's ridiculization of his encounter with Chavez. Moore could
have made justice by adding that the whole thing was meant as a joke
... he knows that the true
Chavez episode was not going to scare or inflame people to a level that
could be harmful to his expected revenues from his latest film.
He didn't do it ... he didn't
even attempt to do it.
The movie he's just produced
meddles with an old enemy of USAmerica: capitalism.
He was bragging a lot about it, in Venice and later in the USA; each
day or so he sent messages about the movie to his distribution list
with links to his site, then some guys came forward with an
unconceivable offense to peace by awarding Obama a Nobel Prize.
Moore's caustic reaction was
immediate ... and then something happened.
He suddenly came forward with olive branches and calls for patience ...
we can't expect Obama to fix all the mess left by Kaiser Bush at a snap
of fingers, can we? ...then more candies at Dems ...and then this
mockery about his meeting with Chavez.
I dunno... I wonder
if the guy received a phone call or some form of threat that made him
change his attitude. Maybe somebody got him taped. Some powerful guys
might dislike what he says in the movie. ...or maybe he's convinced
that capitalism and democracy can be spelled together in the same
phrase, like the one I think he said: "Democratic capitalism."
The point here is that he is not
just portraying Chavez as a noisy partying guest in some hotel. He's
delivering a picture of Latin American leaders that's hooked on cliches
to a large audience that he was supposed to set free from cliches. He's
weakening any informed interpretation of the struggles taking place
south of the Rio Grande. He made the Venezuelan President a tequila
drinker, the Venezuelan chancellor a bodyguard ... what do we expect
he'd make Zelaya? Or Correa?
Moore is famous enough to
benefit from controversial encounters.
Any kind of public threat to him would be used to advertise the film
... yet he chooses the way that is sure to reduce the interest from
progressive audiences. If he's doing it to save himself from some kind
of threat, it must be very painful for his pride. He's a movie man,
not a hero.
Imagine for a moment, the
reaction of those USAmericans who used Moore's movies as their first
tools to learn to read an alternate version of reality as presented by
Corpomedia. One way or another it ends in disenchantment and
powerlessness.
And that seems to be the curse
that Obama has been chosen to spread around...
Hopelessness. Lack of heroism, an obstacle to the social momentum that
was betrayed into voting for change. The guy himself is a standing duck
for all kind of bashing from the ultra right wing, and he knows it.
It's his role, that's the script he was given. Dark skinned USAmericans
see how their Messiah Obama becomes a puppet in the hands of the usual
powers... and they just give up and/or go enlist to fight wars because
it's the only work available and they can drain out all the anger with
a trigger and live targets.
Now, Roy, you know we have
our own leaders here ... with all the imperfections that the western
and our points of view might find, with contradictions ... yet they are
true to their people. They promised to share power, and they did. They
talked straight, eye to eye, they had the people work out their
constitutions.
To us, those stupid
stereotypes that were used by Moore in the TV show are an insult
because they are simply NOT TRUE.
To us it is
relevant that our leaders are workaholics and don't read teleprompters,
and you should know how dear this is to us.
Moore might look like a blob,
yet he doesn't necessarily need to behave like one.
We're talking about human lives here, lives that we can save, lives
that Obama or Michael Moore can save even if they risk their own. We're
ready to give ours to make sure this attempt to build a revolution for
mankind has the chance to go further.
It's wartime, Roy.
This time all the psychological weaponry will be used to soften the
enemy and prepare the battlefield, and communications play a key role.
Moore's showtime was a blow against a better future, one that will be
extremely difficult to build if USAmericans are lied to and
intentionally misinformed by Corpomedia.
In any case, let's see
the movie. I'll wait till it comes out in our streets, free from
copyright and cheap as any information is supposed to be.
*** Michael Moore, instead of
disseminating
hoaxes about Venezuela, please, please produce true documentals about
the mortal coming agony
of
mankind, of world fascism.
*****
*****
Do we see all over
dictatorial ghosts, not the real ones right under our noses?
By Franz J. T. Lee
Seeing is believing, not thinking!
One of the
latest international scandals is the fairy tale of Michael Moore about
President Hugo Chavez Frias of Venezuela. In an excellent article Eva
Golinger
set the facts and records straight:
According to her: In an interview broadcast
October 9 on 'Jimmy Kimmel Live!,' the renowned and award-winning
documentarian, Michael Moore lied vulgarly about his encounter with
Venezuelan
President Hugo Chavez during the Venice Film Festival this past
September."
(http://spanish.vheadline.com/readnews.asp?id=85099)
As part of the United States 'war of
ideas,' of the big lies against Venezuela, she explains the fascist
essence of
this unfortunate interview: " ... in the end, this whole ridiculous
tale
told by Moore about his "meeting" with President Chavez is an attempt
to avoid admitting before the US media that he met for three hours with
the
South American "dictator." And he probably liked it. Michael Moore is
a most unfortunate coward."
Seeing is believing, not knowing!
Even Michael Moore has fallen victim of
the
ideological machinations, of placing blinkers on the mind and
blindfolding the
eyes with political propaganda and technological manipulation of the
worst Goebbels
genres.
Let us look at the fatal results of such
imperialist corporate actions against Venezuela, of the destruction of
global
humanity, of its senses, mind and concrete utopian daydreams. Michael
Moore is
not an exception, he proves the golden rule of betrayal of
emancipatory endeavors.
Towards the middle of the 20th century,
'Freudomarxists,' like Eric Fromm, Wilhelm Reich and Herbert Marcuse,
seriously
have asked: what went wrong with the class consciousness of the
metropolitan
proletariat, with the working classes as a whole?
* Why did the German workers so happily vote their fascist butchers
into
political power?
* Why did so many global workers freely
march
into two world wars, into
certain death, which within half a century resulted in abut 100,000,000
estimated casualties and deaths?
This was the price which humanity had to
pay to rescue capitalist imperialism from a total collapse, from severe
depression and recession.
Even the Marxist philosopher of hope Ernst
Bloch was asking: why was it so difficult for the socialists to capture
the
revolutionary imagination of the European working masses?
* Why could the Third and Fourth
Internationals
not direct the workers
toward the global class struggle?
* Why were the masses so easily abducted,
convinced and destroyed by the
fascists regimes?
Across the whole 20th century ...
especially in the whole 'under-developed' world, including 'Soviet
Russia,'
'Communist China, 'socialist Yugoslavia' and heroic Vietnam ... in
spite of
valiant class struggles, we could not annihilate capitalism and replace
it with
its direct opposite, with anti-capitalism, with scientific, philosophic
socialism...
** Yes, sometimes it is necessary first to
learn how and what to question. Only then we could give concrete
answers,
socialist praxis.
What
is really left of all the valiant workers' struggles in Russia, China,
Algeria,
Southern Africa, Chile, Grenada, ... just to mention a few? Surely Cuba
and
Venezuela, and other class struggles, heavily attacked by world
fascism, are
hopes and results of what is really left.
Seeing with brains, 'theorizing'!
During the Hitler regime in Germany, the
survivors claimed to have seen nothing, no concentration camps, no
extermination of blacks, gypsies, communists or Jews. Something similar
was
happening in the apartheid regime, also in the gulags and in global
Zionism.
Also here in Venezuela, millions do not have the foggiest idea about
the
historic truth in which we are involved.
Only Seeing is deceiving ... Thinking is
knowing!
What is worse: in the first place, because
one sees with one's brain, millions, victims of a millennia old Mental
Holocaust, many of us really could not, did not (still cannot) see
anything
beyond the capitalist status quo, the establishment. Because socialism
is not
en vogue, we had and still have no effective theoretical antidote
against the
ideological visions and vistas coming from capitalist topos ouranios.
Across
the centuries the infernal heat of this Moloch has scorched many of our
human
psi-factors, our erotic and exotic quintessence, our emancipatory
powers.
Blinded and blind-folded with tight consumer blinkers, we do not see
our global
Orwellian loony bin, the millions of surveillance cameras in London and
elsewhere; we do not see the huge numbers of camps already constructed
in the
USA.
Yes, like Michael Moore, we see all over
dictatorial ghosts, but we do not see the real ones right in front of
our
noses.
For whom do the church bells of St. Peter's Square toll?
Can the European workers, especially in Greece and France, still hear
the
crowing of the Gallic "Hahn" (Marx)?
Do they remember the brave communards who tried to storm heaven in
Paris
is 1870-1, at the eve of the birth of world imperialism?
Can we still venture beyond our immediate consumerist here and now,
away
from myopic ideology, from obsolete resistance methods which only fall
on deaf
corporate ears?
Also, we hear with our brains, which
censure that which we are not supposed to register, for example, the
hell of a
noise below Los Alamos, since decades already.
Up to what are our Nobel Peace Prize winners?
Will we soon see "Pentagon Aliens" (Bill Lyne)?
What is in the air?
Do we smell a rat here in Merida, Venezuela?
Do we smell the smog, the toxic gases coming from the gray avalanche of
cars, forming endless traffic jams? Do we smell capitalism?
Are we constructing fragrant socialism?
More questions yearning for praxical answers!
Do we smell the stench of the bloody Yankee boots coming from the
military bases in Colombia?
Elsewhere do we smell the capitalist decay and putrefaction, the
cesspools and quagmires?
No, we see nothing, we hear nothing, we smell nothing ....
Do we still feel anything?
Michael Moore, instead of disseminating
hoaxes about Venezuela, please, please produce true documentals about
the mortal coming agony
of
mankind, of world fascism.
The
steady stream of lies about Venezuela
October 20th 2009, by Tim Anderson -
Venezuelanalysis.com
As
Eva Golinger points out in her books, the constant stream of lies about
Venezuela and its popular President Hugo Chavez are best seen as the
leading edge of an integrated strategy of destabilisation and ‘regime
change’ for the socialist-oriented, oil-rich nation.
These
insistent, repetitious lies do have their precedents. In 1960 the then
Chilean Senator, Salvador Allende, told the Chilean Senate he had
witnessed “the brutal, deliberate propaganda … day by day and minute by
minute they misrepresent what has happened in Cuba”. Naturally, media
channels run by large private companies could not contemplate any
sympathetic view of Cuba’s socialist revolution.
However the
great the danger of these constant lies about Cuba, Allende pointed
out, was that they replicated preparations for the earlier US overthrow
of the democratic, reformist government of Jacobo Arbenz in Guatemala.
This 1954 coup was followed by decades of US backed dictatorships and
the slaughter of more than 100,000 people in that Central American
country. Allende was right. In 1961 the US launched an invasion of
Cuba, but failed to back it up with US ground troops, and the
intervention failed. Later on Allende himself, as the popularly elected
President of Chile, faced the same ferocious media attack, before being
murdered in the US backed military coup of 1973.
In the case
of Venezuela, we do not need to go past the London-based Economist to
see good examples of the calculated dishonesty. The Economist favours
more the interests of British, European and (increasingly) Asian
investors, than those of US corporations. Nevertheless, on the question
of opposing a socialist government in Venezuela, there is common
ground; and the level of journalistic ethics is similar.
Let’s
look at their recent article ‘Venezuela’s foreign policy: dreams of a
different world’, delicately subtitled ‘Arms and the Tyrants’ (The
Economist, September 19 2009: 52). In a short article they manage to
cram in at least four important lies, along with a couple of incidental
ones.
First, it is said that President Chavez, in a world tour
which included arms purchases from Russia, “got what he seemed to be
seeking all along: the attention of the United States”. US Secretary of
State Hilary Clinton is reported as being “worried” that Venezuela’s
weapons purchases “might trigger an ‘arms race’ and … are ‘serious
challenge to stability’”.
The advantage of this US-centred
view of the world (‘getting the attention of the US’ as a prime aim) is
that it dispenses with the need to explain actual motivations. The
article makes no mention of the deployment of the US Fourth Fleet off
the coast of Venezuela, and downplays to a much later paragraph
reference to the Obama Administration’s build up of military bases in
neighbouring Colombia. No mention that the US, despite its backing for
the coup against Chavez in 2002, might be a threat to Venezuelan
democracy. By these devices, The Economist presents Venezuela’s seeking
weapons for self defence as the only identified threat to regional
stability. The threat posed by US projection of imperial power into the
South American continent is not mentioned.
Second, the
Chavez world tour of ‘arms and the tyrants’ is presented as a threat to
the US. The “top foreign policy” of Chavez is said to be “forging an
anti-American political alliance with Iran, Syria, Belarus and Russia”.
His overall aim is said to be “to stir up troubles for the United
States in many places at once”. Later on it is said that some of the
arms purchases by Chavez “seem to be a hasty response to an agreement
last month under which Colombia gave the United States facilities at
seven bases for anti-drug operations”.
However no sensible
observer believes seven US military bases in Colombia have anything do
with ‘anti-drug operations’. To the contrary, drug cultivation and
wholesale trafficking around the world – from Vietnam to Afghanistan to
Colombia – has always expanded with the presence of the US military.
Similarly, it is absurd to call Venezuela’s response to US military
threats ‘hasty’, given that over the last century the US has intervened
militarily in *every* country in Latin America (some of them several
times), including in Venezuela under Chavez.
The need for
Chavez and his government to build alternative investment and financial
relationships is made clear by the undeniable and relentless history of
US aggression against independent governments in Latin America and more
recently by the US-centred financial collapse. His recent visits
included countries other than those mentioned, including China.
Venezuela’s foreign policy “top priority” is far from “anti-American”.
It has been to build an alliance of sovereign countries in the Americas
called ALBA. There are thirty-five countries in the Americas - only
US-centric views equate “American” with the USA. Mexico City’s main
airport makes this point, but indicating the hall for flights to ‘the
United States of North America’.
The third major lie of the
article concerns Unasur, the recently created Union of South American
governments, of which Venezuela is a member. The Economist asserts
“[Chavez] once again failed to obtain an explicit condemnation of
Colombia’s [military] base agreement with the United States from
Unasur”.
It is true there was not unanimity at Unasur.
Colombia asserted its right to develop new military bases and refused
to provide information on them to Unasur. True also that Hilary Clinton
used Venezuela’s pending arms purchase from Russia (note that the US
itself had refused to resupply parts for the Venezuelan military) to
deflect attention from the new US bases.
Yet most South
American countries – including non-ALBA members Brazil, Argentina and
Chile – spoke out strongly against the US build up in Colombia. The
nine-member ALBA group went on to say they reject “the installation of
military bases of the United States in Latin America and the Caribbean
.. [because they] endanger the peace, threaten democracy and facilitate
the hegemonic interference” of the US in the region’s affairs. Chavez
is hardly ‘failing’ in his diplomacy. It is the Colombian regime of
Alvaro Uribe that has become increasingly isolated amongst its
neighbours.
Some other incidental lies adorn The Economist’s
article. The magazine criticises Chavez for recognising Abkhazia and
South Ossetia, claiming that these two states “were carved from Georgia
last year by Russian troops”. In fact, after the fragmentation of the
Soviet Union, Abkhazia and South Ossetia had never been effectively
incorporated into Georgia. It was the Georgian regime’s attempt (urged
on by the US) to forcibly incorporate them into Georgia (and thus also
NATO) that was roundly defeated in 2008, with Russian assistance.
The article also claims that Venezuela’s generosity in supplying
discount oil and gas to developing countries occurs as “Venezuela’s
refineries are struggling to supply the local market”. This is false
and absurd. Venezuela has massive refinery capacity and fuel in
Venezuela remains by far the cheapest in the Americas.
The
fourth big lie is saved up to the end, and follows on that grand
tradition of the great human rights abusers accusing others to deflect
attention from themselves. Chavez is said to be “cultivating” regimes
that are characterised by “rigged elections, media censorship, the
criminalisation of dissent and leaders for life”. Not a touch of irony,
as the death squads in Colombia murder trade unionists and civil
leaders unchecked, as the Obama Administration pussyfoots around the
coup regime in Honduras (which deposed a Chavez ally), as election
fraud and bloody war rages in Afghanistan and as the US launches
missile attacks on Pakistan.
It can be tedious to document
such lies. They are so common and, no sooner is one lot done than the
next day’s lies appear – if not in The Economist then in the Washington
Post, The Australian or The Times. These monopolies count on the
vulnerable, who do not have alternate sources of information, who do
not read history and are able to be swayed by crude and often racist
agitation.
In the bigger picture, this is a delegitimising
process, organised by the private media monopolies which, in their
hatred for the sort of popular democracy led by Chavez (as also in the
past by Allende), are preparing the ground for coups, wars of
intervention and conquest. It has been done before and – while these
monopolies remain unchecked – it will be done again.
http://www.venezuelanalysis.com/analysis/4879
*****
Venezuela
is no tyranny
October 19th 2009, by Francisco Dominguez - The
Guardian
As
Latin Americans witness the return of dictatorship – with
Honduras suffering political executions, widespread
repression and condemnation from human rights organisations about
curtailing of press
freedoms – it seems a strange time for the media to repeat
opposition allegations that Venezuela is becoming a tyranny.
Venezuela
is far from the "dictatorship which has a facade of democracy"
described by General Raúl Baduel, who has been accused of corruption.
What kind of tyranny oversees a 70% increase of participation in
presidential elections, as Chávez has, or the government holding 13
free and fair elections in 10 years?
Of
course, Venezuelan society and democracy is imperfect. One
example is that corruption remains a very real problem. Opponents have
tried to use this issue to disparage the government, though it
pre-dates the Chávez era. It is therefore ironic that when measures are
taken to tackle it, as is the case in legal prosecutions, these are
cited as examples of a clampdown on political freedoms. Many
Chávez-supporting politicians are under investigation and it paints a
distorted picture to focus only on prosecutions against those opposed
to Chávez.
Taking
the two most prominent cases of those aligned with the
opposition. With Baduel,
the military prosecutors investigating the disappearance of more than
$18.6m in 2006 and 2007 while he was minister of defence have decided
to prosecute. He has had all the rights to a defence lawyer and
transparent trial, yet so far his defence has not produced any evidence
to counter the charges of corruption.
Manuel Rosales,
infamously a signatory to the decree backing the 2002 military coup
against Chávez, is one of the most notorious cases. He has allegedly
been unable to show the source of millions of dollars in assets both in
Venezuela and abroad. He fled to Peru and requested political asylum,
but being given asylum by Peru is not proof of innocence. Recently Bolivia
nearly broke diplomatic relations with Peru for granting asylum to
three ministers from a previous government charged with responsibility
for the October 2003 massacre in which 67 people were killed by the
Bolivian army.
What
cannot be said of Venezuela is that the right to protest
is
threatened. This year alone, the opposition have staged dozens of
marches free from state harassment. On numerous occasions opponents and
marchers have been invited to address
the nation from the National Assembly.
In
contrast, it was only 20 years ago that protests were met by
brutal repression in Venezuela, with the Caracazo massacre
by state security forces leaving 276 dead according to official figures
and up to 3,000, according to claims, once mass graves were uncovered.
The
opposition's hostile views of the Chávez government
dominate the
Venezuelan media. But that is not the reason why some radio stations
were recently closed. These were operating illegally without proper
licences and continued to refuse to comply with the law. More than 200
radio stations, most of which identify with the opposition, that were
also operating irregularly but did renew their franchises continue to
operate freely.
Respect
for democracy is intrinsic to the particular model
being
followed by the Chávez government. It does not resort to violence – it
wins elections. In contrast, it is noteworthy that the notable elements
of the Venezuelan opposition have broadly sympathised with the illegal
de facto government of Micheletti in Honduras. Maybe in Honduras we
have a serious glimpse of what "democracy" would have been like in
Venezuela had its violent attempts to overthrow Chávez been successful?
http://www.venezuelanalysis.com/analysis/4875
*****
El ‘descubrimiento’ de América por
Cristóbal Colón: ¿La mentira más grande de todos los tiempos? El ‘descubrimiento’ de América
por Cristóbal Colón: ¿La mentira más grande de todos los tiempos?
¡VÉASE LAS CARTAS Y MI RESPUESTA
ABAJO!
Por Franz J. T. Lee
“¡Como mienten, hombre ... el
tiempo mas largo que una cuerda!” Sabio dicho caribeño.
El lunes, 12 de octubre de 2009,
en
toda la América al igual que en otros lugares una vez mas celebraremos
nuestro “Día de la Raza”. Salvo en Venezuela, Cuba y algunos de los
países del ALBA, como Bolivia, como de costumbre, estaremos honrando el
día de nuestro “descubrimiento” por Cristóbal Colón, por la
colonización europea, por la Inquisición española, el catolicismo
romano, la civilización, la cultura y la burguesía emergente. Como ya
sabemos, Venezuela ha declarado el 12 de octubre oficialmente como el
Día de la Resistencia Indígena.
En Asia, África, América,
Oceanía y el
Caribe, en tiempos precolombinos, por muchos historiadores y filósofos
europeos fuimos considerados como nada, como indios, ojos rasgados,
pieles rojas, cafres, peones, paganos y bárbaros. Sin duda, estas
“cosas” no son capaces de descubrir América. Sin duda, “los dictadores
del mal” en Venezuela no pueden llegar a las estrellas y descubrir a
“Jayú”, un pequeño planeta que gira a las afueras de nuestro sistema
solar, más allá de Plutón.
Entonces nos preguntamos: ¿Es
verdad
que durante la Edad Oscura europea, sólo estuvimos vegetando como monos
y babuinos hambrientos fuera de la historia?
Antes de comentar sobre el
“re-descubrimiento” de América por Colón, vamos a iluminar brevemente
el contexto histórico de la función de las grandes mentiras.
En el pasado, ¿de verdad no
fuimos
nosotros, los africanos y árabes, quienes construimos los buques de
largo alcance? ¿No fuimos nosotros quienes dirigimos una flota completa
a través de los océanos? ¿O es que primero tuvimos que esperar a
Enrique el Grande para que nos enseñara a navegar?
A finales del siglo 15, el
Herrenvolk,
la raza superior, el pueblo elegido y sus ideólogos estaban convencidos
de que nosotros, los aborígenes, los vimos llegar, comenzamos a adorar
a sus dioses blancos, luego bajamos de los árboles y comenzamos a
caminar en postura recta. Bueno, evidentemente esta es una de las
mentiras más grandes jamás inventadas por las clases dominantes.
Para nosotros, los
‘descubrimientos’
de Colón, como se les enseñan en todo el mundo a los inocentes niños de
la escuela (que la tierra era redonda y que un “Nuevo Mundo” existe
fuera de Europa), siguen siendo unas de las mentiras más espeluznantes
de todos los tiempos. Los científicos de la Grecia antigua y los
escandinavos de la Edad Media, que comerciaban con Islandia, Nueva
Escocia y Groenlandia, respectivamente, ya sabían mucho acerca de todas
estas “novedades”. Esta gran mentira sobre Colón se convirtió en un
dogma ideológico racista, en una verdad absoluta lógica formal, para
celebrar la superioridad de la “raza” europea.
Obviamente, en cada época, no
sólo las
ideas dominantes son las ideas de las clases dominantes, sino también
las grandes mentiras dominantes son las mentiras de las grandes clases
mentirosas. Estas grandes mentiras dominantes, incrustadas en la
‘desnaturalización’, ‘dissocialización’, la religión, la educación, la
cultura y la ideología, impregnan todos los estratos y las estructuras
sociales del capitalismo, e inundan todos los ámbitos de la sociedad de
clases. Las mentiras, los mitos, los dogmas y las “verdades absolutas”,
difundidas por los medios de comunicación, la propaganda, los sermones,
las canciones, la música, las oraciones y la publicidad, se encargan ya
desde hace siglos del embellecimiento de la explotación económica sin
escrúpulos del trabajador físico, de la naturaleza y la sociedad, por
el capital, en otras palabras, por las relaciones de clase entre amos y
esclavos.
Otra gran mentira religiosa:
Sólo los
pobres entrarán en el ‘reino’ de los cielos; por lo tanto: mi gente,
por favor, ¡no laven demasiados platos, como una vez lo hizo
Rockefeller, porque podrían terminar como multimillonarios asándose en
el fuego eterno del infierno!
Mentiras y más mentiras en todas
partes ... ¡para ocultar los crímenes cardenales capitalistas! Hoy en
día, como lo predijeron Shakespeare y Orwell: La verdad se convierte en
mentira, la libertad en esclavitud, la guerra en Paz. La ignorancia se
convierte en gloria y ser sabio es una locura.
La dominación de las clases
trabajadoras ha sido glorificada políticamente por todo tipo de cuentos
de hadas. Estos van desde el régimen del apartheid piatónico de los
reyes filósofos con corazón de oro, que alimentan el “ Bien Mayor “,
hasta la “ciudad de Dios” de San Agustín y los Estados por gracia de
Dios. La verdad histórica real sobre el “Príncipe” (Maquiavelo), el
“Leviatán” (Hobbes), el “Führer” (Hitler) y el “Hermano Mayor” (Orwell)
no la vamos a encontrar en Fox News, CNN o en las agencias noticiosas
del Imperio de Murdoch. Hicieron su trabajo de manera tan perfecta, que
incluso si ahora se publicaría la verdad y se desenmascararía a todas
las grandes mentiras políticas de la actualidad, entonces nadie creería
en algo malo en cuanto a la política exterior de los Estados Unidos.
Los buenos pastores, los hombres
de
Dios y los hombres-dioses son incapaces de decir grandes mentiras a su
rebaño, sólo los “terroristas” y los “comunistas” son capaces de
semejantes crímenes diabólicos. El Estado defiende la “democracia”, es
decir, el cristianismo, la civilización, la cultura y la paz mundial en
el Oriente Próximo, Medio y Lejano. Dondequiera que ande el dólar, ¡él
y nosotros siempre confiamos en Dios!
A través de los siglos, se
fabricaron
toda una galaxia de grandes mentiras: los africanos negros “no tienen
alma” (Montesquieu); ellos “no sirven para el uso ni para el abuso de
la filosofía” (Voltaire). Según Hegel, África ni siquiera aparece en la
historia del mundo. Por supuesto, de acuerdo con la arrogancia racista
europea, tales “bárbaros”, o como también se les denomina, la “carga
del hombre blanco”, los árabes y africanos, como lo eran Avicena,
Averroes, Ibn Khaldoun, jamás pueden desarrollar algo como las ciencias
naturales y sociales; históricamente, no pueden “descubrir” nada, y
menos aún América. En el ámbito del racismo hay toneladas de grandes
mentiras que se inventaron acerca de los “hijos de Ham”, sobre los
“cafres” y “recogelatas”. Millones de personas creen en estas mentiras
racistas y fascistas. Estas grandes falsedades incluso infiltraron el
Talmud de Babilonia, la Santa Biblia, el apartheid, el sionismo, el
fascismo, la “democracia” y el “nacional-socialismo”. ¿Quién iba
a
dudar de tan grandes “verdades” procedentes de las Sagradas Escrituras,
según lo revelado por los grandes hombres?
En el ámbito militar al igual
que en
la acumulación del capital, las grandes mentiras ponen en marcha los
grandes negocios, las grandes guerras mundiales, y los trabajadores,
los millones de corderos engañados felizmente marchan hacia su
matadero, a la muerte segura. El “Reichstagsbrand” (incendio del
parlamento alemán nazi) producido por los propios nazis, las grandes
mentiras acerca de “Pearl Harbor” y el “9 / 11” sólo son algunas de las
más trágicas y detestables fabricaciones de la clase dominante.
Durante la “guerra fría”,
incluso la
Unión Soviética utilizó la estrategia de la Gran Mentira durante la
carrera armamentista del capitalismo para adquirir la hegemonía
mundial. Se le dijo al mundo que Yuri Gargarin fue el primer hombre en
el espacio. Hasta hoy muchos todavía creen en este cuento de hadas. La
verdad del asunto es que fue Sergei Vladimir Ilyushin júnior, que voló
alrededor de la tierra unos días antes de Yuri Gargarin, y que se
estrelló en China y tuvo la suerte de ser devuelto vivo a la Unión
Soviética. En la carrera armamentista, que también se extendió hacia la
luna, esto no hubiera sido una propaganda favorable para la Unión
Soviética.
Los astronautas rusos también
han
descubierto la base militar estadounidense secreta ‘Área 51’, cerca de
Paradise Ranch en el desierto de Nevada. Muchos empezaron a dudar de
que Neil Armstrong de verdad dio esos brincos en la luna, todo al
estilo del héroe vaquero Hopalong Cassidy. La zona parece un paisaje
lunar, un fondo perfecto para que el cine de Hollywood filmara sagas
como aquella de la luna de miel.
Sin embargo, en un breve
comentario,
es imposible verificar todos estos extraños acontecimientos. Esto sólo
es alimento importante para el pensamiento, para tomar las armas contra
un mar de mentiras imperialistas, para diferenciar entre la virtualidad
y la realidad.
Ahora veamos este gran evento
histórico: El Viejo Mundo descubre el Nuevo Mundo.
Como ha explicado el escritor
africano-caribeño, Richard B. Moore, en su libro, “La Importancia de la
Historia Africana”, los “estudiosos” europeos afirmando el
imperialismo, en muchos casos simplemente han falsificado la historia
africana.
Historiadores guyaneses como
Walter
Rodney e Ivan Van Sertima nos han dado material científico suficiente
como para al menos dudar de las versiones mentirosas sobre el
“descubrimiento” de América. En el mejor de los casos la aventura de
Colón provocó un ‘re-descubrimiento’ de tercer grado, la colonización
de América, esta última no representa un “descubrimiento” sino la
acumulación de capital, la historia moderna.
Hay muchas afirmaciones con
referencia
al descubrimiento de América, pero ninguna sobre el descubrimiento y la
colonización de Europa por parte de América. Según sagas del norte de
Europa, parece que la presencia noruega precolombina en América del
Norte era una realidad.
Debido a que estos hechos para
nosotros son prácticamente desconocidos, me permito citar algunos
pasajes pertinentes de la excelente obra “El Descubrimiento Nórdico de
América”, por A. M. Reeves, et al:
“Aquí es conveniente agregar que
los
escandinavos fueron los descubridores de la navegación pelágica. Me
permito afirmar con todo el énfasis de que soy capaz de comprimir en
tantas palabras, que la navegación de los océanos fue descubierta por
los antiguos vikingos nórdicos. Antes de ellos, la única navegación
conocida era la navegación de costa. Los normandos eran excelentes
constructores de barcos y sabían cómo calcular el tiempo mediante el
sol, la luna y las estrellas, y en cada historia del mundo, y en cada
enciclopedia yo hubiese afirmado visiblemente el hecho de que la
navegación pelágica fue descubierta por los normandos. 1)
¿Entonces no surge la duda, de
que en
la Edad Media, o incluso antes, los africanos del norte y occidente
científicamente no hubiesen podido hacer lo mismo?
Sin embargo, según esta obra,
los
normandos visitaron a América del Norte ya en 1347, “145 años antes del
descubrimiento de Colón”.
¿Por qué se terminaron las
relaciones comerciales noruego-norteamericanos?
“La última expedición mencionada
en
las sagas fue en 1347, 145 años antes del descubrimiento de Colón. En
ese año se afirma que un buque procedía de Markland (Nueva Escocia) a
Islandia con un cargamento de madera. ... Pero esto, como verá el
lector, nos lleva hasta una época memorable en la historia europea. Nos
lleva al brote de la terrible plaga negra, o muerte negra”. 2)
Parece una exageración, sin
embargo,
hay reivindicaciones históricas de que el pueblo egipcio “Nubian Kemmiu
llegó a las Américas alrededor de 1200 a.C.”. 3)
Basado en el material de
investigación
de numerables historiadores de renombre en el mundo, en un artículo,
“La presencia africana precolombina en las Américas”, publicado el 16
de mayo de 2006 por Mathaba.Net, dijimos:
“Existe evidencia histórica
definida
que entre los años 1307 y 1312 de nuestra era flotas Mandingas de
África Occidental habían navegado a América y luego habían regresado a
África. En el año 1324 de nuestra era el famoso emperador Mandinga de
Malí, Mansa Kankan Musa I, en su camino a La Meca, hizo escala en El
Cairo y fue entrevistado por el eminente historiador islámico del siglo
XIV, Al-Umars, a quien el emperador le relató su subida al “poder” y
que “sus predecesores habían lanzado dos expediciones desde el África
Occidental para descubrir los límites del Océano Atlántico”.” 4)
Vamos a escuchar más de los
informes del eminente historiador islámico del siglo 14, Al-Umars:
“Le pregunté al Sultán Musa cómo
fue
que llegó el poder a sus manos ... . (Él contestó:) ... ‘Pertenecemos a
una casa que transmite el poder de manera hereditaria ... el gobernante
que me precedió no creyó que era imposible descubrir los límites del
mar circunvecino. Él quería descubrir y persistió en sus planes. Él
tenía alrededor de 200 naves equipadas y las llenó de hombres, y el
mismo número de naves llenas de oro, agua y suministros en cantidades
suficientes para durar por años. “ 5)
Muchos “estudiosos” europeos y
norteamericanos no consideran tales pruebas como “científicamente
correctas”. Sobre todo acusaron a Ivan van Sertima de lo siguiente:
“La obra de Van Sertima ha sido
criticada por los académicos de haber hecho afirmaciones afro
centristas infundadas. Un artículo del “Journal of Current
Anthropology” de 1997, criticó en detalle muchos elementos del libro de
1976 de Van Sertima, “They Came Before Columbus” (Llegaron antes de
Colón). El libro aún no había recibido una previa revisión profunda
académica profesional. Señalaron que al afirmar los orígenes africanos
de la cultura olmeca prehistórica (en la México actual), Van Sertima
había ignorado el trabajo de los investigadores de América Central.
Dijeron que no se han encontrado pruebas de una influencia o presencia
africana prehistórica en excavaciones arqueológicas controladas en el
Nuevo Mundo.” 6)
Sin embargo, dejemos que
Al-Umars nos informe acerca de la gran verdad:
“Él les dijo a los comandantes
que
sólo regresaran cuando hubieran alcanzado los extremos del océano o
cuando hubieran agotado su comida y su agua. Ellos partieron ...
Finalmente, reapareció un solo barco y le preguntamos a su capitán
acerca de su aventura. ““
Él le contó al Sultán acerca de
su
largo viaje y cómo fue que finalmente entraron en algo semejante a un
río con violentas corrientes. Él era el último de la fila y vio cómo
las otras naves desaparecían. Él regresó para contar su historia.
Sin embargo, “ ‘el emperador no
quiso
creerle y equipó alrededor de 2000 navíos más y me confirió el poder y
partí con su compañera y los demás al océano. Esa fue la última vez que
lo ví a él y a los otros ...” 7)
La solución a este enigma
histórico se
ubica en la biblioteca del museo del Vaticano, es allí donde podríamos
encontrar la evidencia histórica, los gráficos y los cálculos que
pudieran comprobar que Colón sabía con precisión a dónde iba y cómo
regresar a Europa, gracias al conocimiento científico y filosófico
africano y árabe.
La ironía de la historia, los
extraños
caminos de la verdad: doscientos años después de la visita de Musa I de
la Meca, Cristóbal Colón, en sus “Diarios” personalmente testificó
acerca de la presencia de las expediciones de los Mandinga a las
Américas.
Según el “New African”, Colón
escribió
que “las flotas mercantes de África Occidental periódicamente partían
de la costa de Guinea y navegaban a la América Meridional con oro y
otras mercancías; (los Mandinga) introdujeron el arte de la aleación
del oro. ... Los indios trajeron pañuelos de algodón, confeccionados
muy simétricamente y trabajados en colores semejantes a aquellos que se
traen de Guinea, de los ríos de Sierra Leona y sin diferencia alguna...
Los Mandinga comerciaron con oro y tela llamada “almaizar”... “.
Fraile Bartolomé de las Casas
conservó
fragmentos y citas del “Diario” de Colón para la posteridad; si lo
siguiente es genuino, entonces acabamos de describir uno de los engaños
más grandes lanzado contra África y América, y tenemos que estudiar y
corregir urgentemente nuestra historia.
Por lo tanto, en conclusión, fue
Cristóbal Colón mismo quien declaró que los Mandinga habían llegado a
América mucho antes que él. 8)
Notas:
1)
http://www.sacred-texts.com/neu/nda/nda03.htm 2) ibid. 3) Véase: NEW AFRICAN (Londres),
“They Came Before Columbus”, enero, 2001, N° 392, páginas 16-20 4)
http://mathaba.net/0_index.shtml?x=537389 5) ibid. 6)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_van_Sertima 7) Las siguientes citas son del
artículo publicado en el NEW AFRICAN. 8)
http://www.aporrea.org/tiburon/a21932.html http://mathaba.net/0_index.shtml?x=537389. También:
http://espanol-franzjtlee.blogspot.com/ http://franzjtlee.blogspot.com/ **** CARTAS: mirtilabonet01@cantv.net Artículo en Aporrea sobre
Cristóbal Colón
Apreciado compatriota
Franz: Lee
escribo con respecto a su excelente artículo sobre las mentiras
vertidas por la burguesía, que a fuerza de aceptarlas se convierten en
una aparente verdad, que nadie cuestiona. Lo del "descubrimiento"
que
no fué tal, porque Abya Yala estaba ahí desde la formación del
Planeta, fué en realidad un tropezón, sirvió para que una Europa
empobrecida por guerras, coflictos, pestes, religión y reyes, sin casi
recursos naturales, renaciera de sus ruinas y construyeran sus
ciudades, infraestructura y comercio sobre un charco de sangre,
producto de un genocidio atroz y canalla, que disfrazaron como la
catequización de los idólatras diábolicos que supuestamente, eran los
habitantes de estas tierras. Otra fuente de gran riqueza para
estos
asesinos, fueron los esclavos que capturaban en Africa. Ahora que
el
saqueo de Abya Yala está dificultoso, se han apoderado de Africa, junto
a los gringos y la están saqueando, mientras los pobres, cuya pobreza
es causada por ese saqueo, son rechazados en la "civilización europea"
y tratados como parias. Recordemos a Bertrand Aristide quien
declaró
que Francia le debía a Haití miles de millones de dólares, por el oro
que se llevaron, hasta secar las minas. Al poco tiempo ´fué
secuestrado y llevado a Surafrica por los gringos y los franceses. Es
increible que la corona inglesa exhiba sus joyas, producto de robo,
pillaje, saqueo y crimen, para que sea "admirada" su riqueza por
todos. Si un ladrón hiciera eso, sería un escándalo moral, pero
estas
familias de delincuentes y asesinos profesionales, de siglos de
existencia, lo hacen impunemente y con orgullo de casta. Sobre lo
de
la Luna y la supuesta caminata del gringo, recuerdo que cuando eso
sucedía, un amigo mío, muy de izquierda, comunista de la línea
stalinista, me aseguraba que era una película hecha en Hollywood.
Como
era tan, pero tan antiusamericano, yo no le creí, pero nunca olvidé las
conversaciones que sostuvimos. Con el tiempo, siempre me
preguntaba
por qué no volvían a la Luna e instalaban una base, para empezar a
explorar y me sorprendí cuando la base la construyeron en el espacio,
donde están trabajando. Ahora acaban de hacer explotar en la
superficie lunar, dos artefactos para recoger polvo y averiguar si hay
agua, cuando lo más facil hubiese sido construir la base y estudiar
directamente el suelo lunar. Estoy convencida que esa tal
"caminata
lunar" fué otra mentira, pero me pregunto, ¿por qué los rusos no
hablaron? Con respecto al ataque a las torres de comercio, estoy
convencida de que fué planeado por el gobierno gringo para poder
utilizar otra gran mentira, como fué la de las famosas armas de
destrucción masiva en Irak. Ahora están tratando de montar otra
mentira sobre Iran, cuyo gobierno, no quiere que inspeccionen sus
instalaciones, porque servirían como espionaje comodo y completo para
los israelitas. Esta es una opinión personal, claro, pero con
expertos
en mentir como son los gringos y los eurogringos, como yo los llamo,
todo es posible. Reciba mi aprecio y saludos. Mirtila. mirtilabonet01 *******
toquitacarrillo@yahoo.es
Especatcular articulo de
opinion, es
un tratado de hechos reales que deben ser debidamente analizados a fin
de corregir el curso de una historia errada y desviada de su curso
natural. ,. De mi parte, te felicito y agradezco si me lo puedes enviar
por esta misma via para darle amplia difusion especialmente entre los
vendepatria que se resisten a pisar tierra, ni siquiera en memoria de
su supuesto "descubridor" Colon, . Yo no puedo imprimirlo porque mi
compu esta malisima, pero prometo darle rosca hasta cansarme, un cordial saludo Franz, y feliz
dia DE LA RESISTENCIA INDIGENA!!
Cordialmente, mac, asidua
lectora de aporrea, el medio de la gente honesta y estudiada.
Antonio Carrillo ******* Ciudadano Sr. Franz J. T. Lee Reciba mis respetos y permitame
darle mis felicitaciones por ese excelente trabajo, por demás
interesante y apasionante. Nunca me cayó bien ese tal
Colón, hay que quitarle la máscara así esté bien muerto, pero por ahi
andan otros igual a él. Con respecto a la llegada del
hombre a
la luna, siempre me pregunté si no hay ley de gravedad, como clavaron
la banderita de los Estados Unidos? como había aire para que la
misma
ondeara en el espacio lunar?. Ahora resulta que consiguieron
agua en la luna? Lecciones así se necesitan para seguir
alumbrando el camino de la verdad. No cree que ya es suficiente
para que nos sigan viendo cara de pozeta Atte. Norma Rivas ****** Muy
estimados Franz, Jutta y su equipo de trabajo!!
nuevamente
unas lineas para agradacerles altamente el
gentil envio de este interesante material de estudio, analisis e
investigacion sobre todas esas verdades pertinentes a la Historia
autèntica y no la distorsionada por los intereses creados y poderes
fàcticos, quienes sin duda son la analogia del mismo
anticristo
biblico, es la "iniquidad operante", como le llama san pablo en su
Epistola a los Tesalonicenses!!
Sin
tener el chance y la inquietud de enterarnos de estas
verdades historicas, resultaria labor ardua el poder formarse una
opinion ajustada a la realidad, asi que le voy a dar amplia difusion al
material enviado,.
De
la misma manera, quedo a sus ordenes para recibir toda la informaciòn
que ustedes tengan a bien hacerme llegar.
Soy
de profesion Internacionalista, UCV, en retiro
involuntario desde hace muchos años, muy excluida pero nor ello menos
interesada en todo lo que se refiera a nuestro acontecer nacional y
global.
Aprovecho
para enviar un cordial saludo y mi
reconocimeinto a esa valiente ciudadana venezolana-americana que
es
Eva Golinger, profesional muy preparada y cuyo trabajo ha sido
para mi
muy didactico y esclarecedor,. Se que los escualidos la odian y
subestiman, por algo serà!!
Desde
mi destierro en Caraballeda,
Maria
Antonieta carrillo M cel 0416-4738502
*****
Estimadas y estimados amgias,
amigos, camaradas:
Gracias por sus comentarios
apreciados. Ciertamente, nuestra lucha por la emancipación humana
comienza, persevera y termina con otro tipo de 'descubrimiento': el de
la verdad histórica y de la historia verdadera. Un saludo cordial a
todos. Franz
Sunday, 11 October 2009 Columbus'
'discovery' of America: the greatest hoax of all times? Columbus'
'discovery' of America: the greatest hoax of all times?
By Franz
J. T. Lee
"How dey ken lie, man ... time
longer dan rope!" Wise Caribbean saying.
Across America and elsewhere, on
Monday, October 12, 2009, we will again be celebrating "Columbus Day",
our "Día de la Raza". Except in Venezuela, Cuba and some of the ALBA
countries, like Bolivia, as usual we will be honoring the day of our
'discovery' by Cristobal Colon, by European colonization, by the
Spanish Inquisition, Roman Catholicism, civilization, culture and the
emerging bourgeoisie. As we should know, Venezuela has declared October
12 officially as the Day of Indigenous Resistance. In Asia, Africa,
America, Oceania and the Caribbean, with reference to 'pre-Columbian
times', many racist European politicians, philosophers and historians
have considered us as things next to nothing, that is, as natives, slit
eyes, red skins, kaffirs, coolies, pagans and barbarians. Surely, such
things cannot discover America. Surely, 'evil dictators' in Venezuela
cannot reach out for the stars and 'Latinos' cannot discover "Jayú," a
small planet revolving at the outskirts of our solar system, beyond
Pluto.
During the European Dark Ages,
were we really just vegetating like starving monkeys and baboons
outside history?
Before we comment on Columbus'
"rediscovery" of America, let us briefly highlight the historic
context, the function of such Big Lies!
In the past, could we, Africans
and
Arabs, really not construct powerful ships? Not direct a fleet across
the oceans? Or had we to wait for Henry to teach us how to
navigate?
The Herrenvolk, the master race,
the
chosen people and their ideologues were (and still are) convinced of
the following at the end of the 15th century: that we saw the white
(rather pink) men coming, began to worship these pale-faced
gods,
then we jumped down from the trees, fell on our fours, and with their
aid, at last, finally we began to walk in upward gait. This is
one of
the biggest lies ever told by ruling class man.
As taught worldwide to the
innocent
school children, for us, the 'discoveries' of Columbus (that the earth
was round and that a 'New World' existed outside Europe) are rated by
us as the greatest hoaxes of all times. The ancient Greek scientists
and the Middle Age Norsemen, who traded with Iceland, Nova Scotia and
Greenland, respectively, knew very much about 'America' already. This
Big Lie about Columbus, as a political and psychological strategy, over
the centuries, became a racist ideological dogma, a formal logical
'absolute truth', to celebrate global European 'race' superiority. This
is the alienating essence of all the busts and statues of Columbus
across the globe and of the "Day of the Race"!
Obviously, in every epoch, not
only
are the ruling ideas the ideas of the ruling classes, also the ruling
big lies are the lies of Big Brother, of the big lying classes. These
big ruling class lies, embedded in 'de-naturalization',
'dis-socialization', religion, education, culture and ideology pervade
all capitalist social fibers, strata and structures and permeate all
walks of class society. The hoaxes, myths, dogmas and absolute
'truths', disseminated by mass media, propaganda, sermons, songs,
music, prayers and advertisements, already across centuries are
beautifying the unscrupulous economic exploitation of labor forces,
nature and society, by capital, in a nut shell, by global master and
slave class relations.
Another religious Big Lie is
very
simple: Only the poor will enter the 'kingdom' of heaven; hence: folks,
please, do not wash too many plates, like Rockefeller once, you could
end up as a billionaire and later would be roasting in eternal hell
fire!
Lies, lies, everywhere ... to
veil capitalist cardinal crimes!
Nowadays, as Shakespeare and
Orwell
predicted: Truth becomes a Lie, Freedom becomes Slavery, War becomes
Peace, Ignorance becomes Bliss and it is folly to become wise. What
this all has to do with discovering America, we will see later.
Politically, domination of the
working
classes has been glorified by all kinds of big promises. These range
from the Platonic apartheid rule of philosopher kings with golden
hearts, who nurture the 'Highest Good', to Augustine's 'City of God',
to States by the grace of God. The real historic truth about the
'Prince' (Maquiavelli), the 'Leviathan' (Hobbes), the 'Fuehrer'
(Hitler) and 'Big Brother' (Orwell) we will not find in the 'Breaking
News' of Fox News, CNN or in the news agencies of the Murdoch Empire.
Even if they would publish the truth now and unmask all the current big
political lies, ... they have done their job so perfectly ... nobody
would believe in any wrongs of United States foreign policy.
Good shepherds, god-men and
men-gods,
are incapable of telling big lies to their flock, only "terrorists" and
"commies" are capable of such diabolical crimes. Our State defends
Christianity, civilization, culture and world peace in the Near, Middle
and Far East.
Wherever our dollar and our army
go, they, like all of us, "In God We Trust!"
Across the ages, a galaxy of Big
Lies
were fabricated: black Africans "have no souls" (Montesquieu); they
"neither serve for the use nor for the abuse of philosophy" (Voltaire).
According to Hegel, Africa does not even appear in world history. Of
course, according to European racist arrogance, such 'barbarians',
Arabs and Africans like Avicenna, Averroes and Ibn Khaldoun, the "white
man's burden", cannot develop natural and social sciences; historically
they cannot 'discover' anything, least of all America. In the ambit of
racism tons of Big Lies are being told about the 'children of Ham',
about the 'Kaffirs' and 'Coolies'. Millions, even innocently, out of
ignorance, believe in these racist, fascist diatribes. Among
other
avenues, these big untruths infiltrated the Talmud of Babylonia,
the
Holy Bible, Apartheid, Zionism, Fascism, 'Democracy' and 'National
Socialism'. Who would doubt such big 'truths' coming from the Holy
Scriptures, as revealed by Great Men?
In the military spheres, in
capital
accumulation, big lies launch big business, big world wars, and the
workers, the millions of bamboozled lambs happily march towards the
slaughter house, to certain death. The 'Reichtagsbrand' caused by the
Nazis themselves, the big lies about 'Pearl Harbor' and '9/11' are just
among the most tragic, detestable machinations of recent ruling class
hoaxes. During the 'Cold War', in the
Stalin
epoch, even the Soviet Union used the Big Lie strategy, especially
during the capitalist 'arms race' campaigns to win world hegemony. The
world was told that Yuri Gagarin was the first man in space. Till today
many still believe in this story. The truth of the matter is that it was Sergei Vladimir Ilyushin junior,
who
flew around the earth a few days before Yuri Gagarin, and who crashed
in China and was lucky to be returned to the Soviet Union alive. In the
arms race to the moon, this mishap would not have been favorable
propaganda for the Soviet Union. Gagarin upgraded the then Soviet
inferiority complexes. Russian and even American astronauts have also
discovered the United States secret military base 'Area 51', near
Paradise Ranch in the Nevada Desert. Many began to doubt that Neil
Armstrong ever jumped around on the Moon like the cowboy hero Hopalong
Cassidy. The area in the desert looks like a moon landscape, a perfect
background for Hollywood to film honeymoon sagas.
However, in a short commentary
it is
impossible to verify all these strange theories and events. To
celebrate 'Columbus Day' consciously, this is just urgent food for
thought, to take up arms against an avalanche of new hoaxes, a sea of
imperialist lies, that is, to learn to differentiate between virtuality
and reality.
Now let us look at the big
'transhistoric event: The Old World discovers the New World! Generally,
historians must wait about 50 years to study classified material about
big lies, like '9/11', that is, our historians have to guess, to use
'trial and error' methods to discover the truth about capital
crimes
against humanity. The 'rediscovery' of America by Columbus still will
necessitate another 500 years to be verified scientifically.
As the African-Caribbean writer,
Richard B. Moore, in his book "The Significance of African History" has
explained, European "scholars", affirming the imperialist lies, in many
cases have simply falsified African history. Guyanese historians
like
Walter Rodney and Ivan van Sertima have supplied us with sufficient
scientific materials, at least, to doubt the Big Lie versions about the
Columbus 'discovery' of America. At best, the joint venture and
adventure of Columbus brought about a third grade 're-discovery', the
colonization of America, the latter is not a 'discovery', it was
creating the world market, acceleration of the accumulation of capital,
founding modern history.
There are many claims with
reference
to who discovered America but none about indigenous America
discovering and colonizing Europe. According to North European sagas,
it seems that Norwegian pre-Columbian presence in Northern America was
a reality. Well, we could consider these possible discoveries, after
all, they originated in Northern Europe, and not in the ancient
Arab-African University of Timbuktu, in the Mali civilization, the
ancient El Dorado of Africa.
Because these facts are
practically
unknown to us, allow me to quote some relevant passages from the
excellent work 'The Norse Discovery of America', by A.M Reeves,
et al:
"Here it is proper to add that
the
Norsemen were the discoverers of pelagic navigation. Let me here state
with all the emphasis that I am able to compress into so many words,
that the navigation of the ocean was discovered by the old Norse
Vikings. Before them, the only navigation known was coast navigation.
The Norsemen were excellent ship-builders and knew how to calculate
time by the sun, moon and stars, and into every history of the world,
and into every encyclopedia I would have the fact conspicuously stated
that pelagic navigation was discovered by the Norsemen." 1)
Who doubts that in the 'Middle
Ages' or even earlier, that North and West Africans scientifically
could not have done likewise?
Nonetheless, according to this
work,
the Norsemen visited North America already in 1347, '145 years before
the rediscovery by Columbus'.
Why were the Norwegian-American
trade relations terminated?
"The last expedition mentioned
in the
sagas was in 1347, 145 years before the rediscovery by Columbus. In
that year it is stated that a vessel came from Markland (Nova Scotia)
to Iceland with a cargo of wood. ... But this, as the reader will see,
carries us down to a memorable period in European history. It brings us
to the breaking out of the terrible black plague, or black death." 2)
It seems to be exaggerated,
however,
there are historic claims that the Egyptian "Nubian-Kemmiu peoples
arrived in the Americas around 1200 BC". 3)
Based on serious research
materials of
world renowned historians, in an article "Pre-Columbian African
Presence in the Americas", published on May 16, 2006 by Mathaba.Net, we
stated:
"There exists definite historic
evidence that between 1307 and 1312 AD, West African Mandinga fleets
have sailed to America and later have also returned to Africa. In 1324
AD, the famous Mandinga emperor of Mali, Mansa Kankan Musa I on his way
to Mecca, stopped over at Cairo, and was interviewed by the eminent
14th century Islamic historian, Al-Umars, to whom the emperor had
related his rise to 'power" and that "his predecessors had launched two
expeditions from West Africa to discover the limits of the Atlantic
Ocean' ". 4)
Let us listen further to the
reports of the eminent 14th century Islamic historian, Al-Umars, who
wrote:
"I asked the Sultan Musa how it
was
that power came into his hands. ... 'We are from a house that transmits
power by heritage ... the ruler who preceded me would not believe that
it was impossible to discover the limits of the neighboring sea. He
wanted to find out and persisted in his plans. He had about 200 ships
equipped and filled them with men, and the same number of ships filled
with gold, water and supplies in sufficient quantities to last for
years." 5)
Many European and North American
'scholars' do not consider such evidence as being 'scientifically
correct'. They especially accused Ivan van Sertima as follows: "Van Sertima's work has been
criticized by academics for making ill-founded Afrocentric claims. A
1997 Journal of Current Anthropology article criticized in detail many
elements of Van Sertima's 1976 book They Came Before Columbus.[3] The
book had not earlier received a thorough professional academic review.
They stated that in claiming African origins for prehistoric Olmec
culture (in present-day Mexico), Van Sertima had ignored the work of
Central American researchers. They stated no evidence of a prehistoric
African influence or presence had been found in controlled
archaeological excavations in the New World." 6)
However, let Al-Umars inform us
about the Big Truth:
"He told those who commanded
them,
return only when you have reached the extremity of the ocean or when
you have exhausted your food and water. They went away ... Finally, a
sole ship reappeared, We asked the captain about their adventure.'"
Let us read on; this may be a
tale, but it is more interesting than big lies about Hussein's "arms of
mass destruction"!
"He told the Sultan about their
long
voyage and how finally they entered something like a river with violent
currents. He was last in the row, and saw how the other ships
disappeared. He returned, to tell his story. However, "the emperor did
not want to believe him, He equipped about 2000 more vessels and
conferred power on me and left with his companion on the ocean. This
was the last time I saw him and the others. ..." 7)
The solution to this historic
riddle
lies in the library of the museum of the Vatican; there we could find
the historic evidence, the charts and calculations which could verify
that Columbus knew with precision where he was going and how to return
to Europe, thanks to African and Arab Mandinga scientific and
philosophic knowledge.
The irony of history, the
strange ways
of Truth: two hundred years after the visit of Musa I of Mecca,
Christopher Columbus in his "Journals" personally testified about the
presence of the Mandinga expeditions in the Americas.
According to the NEW AFRICAN, he
said
"that West African merchant fleets periodically left the Guinea Coast
and sailed to Middle America with gold and other merchandise and
introduced the art of alloying gold. ... The Indians brought
handkerchiefs of cotton, very symmetrically woven and worked in colors
like those brought from Guinea, from the rivers of Sierra Leone and of
no difference ... The Mandinga traded gold and cloth called 'almaizar'
..."
For posterity fragments and
quotations
of Columbus' "Journals" were saved by Fraile Bartolomé de las Casas; if
the following should be genuine, then we have just illustrated one of
the greatest hoaxes launched against Africa and America, and that we
should urgently study and rectify our history; also we should tell the
true story and not fabricate new myths about socialism and emancipation.
Columbus himself informs us:
"The Indians brought
handkerchiefs of
cotton, very symmetrically woven and worked in colors like those
brought from Guinea, from the rivers of Sierra Leone and of no
difference ... The Mandinga traded gold and cloth called 'almaizar' ...
"
Hence, in conclusion, even
Christopher Columbus himself testified that the Mandinga had arrived in
America long before him. 8)
Instead of winning Nobel Peace
Prizes,
who in Washington D.C. will ever discover the flowing, over flowing
Mandinga truth about this world one day?
******** Footnotes: 1)
http://www.sacred-texts.com/neu/nda/nda03.htm 2) ibid. 3) See: NEW AFRICAN (London),
"They Came Before Columbus", January, 2001, N° 392, pages 16-20 4)
http://mathaba.net/0_index.shtml?x=537389 5) ibid. 6)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_van_Sertima 7) The following quotes are from
the NEW AFRICAN article. 8)
http://www.aporrea.org/tiburon/a21932.html http://mathaba.net/0_index.shtml?x=537389. Also:
http://espanol-franzjtlee.blogspot.com/
Exclusive
Interview with Franz J. T. Lee: Venezuela and the USA
franzlee, Wednesday, February 27, 2008 - 12:42
The demise of the dollar By Robert FisTuesday, October 06, 2009.
Dr. Franz J.T. Lee is Titular Professor at the University of The Andes,
Mérida, Venezuela -- interviewed recently by VHeadline's
Spanish-language edition editor Jesus Maria Nery Barrios. http://www.cmaq.net/en/node/29321
"Are you really saying that not even God trusts in the greenback
anymore?"
JMNB: Firstly, Prof. Dr. Franz Lee, it is an honor to make this
exclusive interview with you, spotlighting current burning world
issues. As well-known socialist revolutionary for nearly half a
century, as international political analyst, excellent lecturer at many
international universities and author of many writings mainly in
German, English and Spanish on global, historical issues, especially
about Africa, Europe and the Americas ... could you please tell us
whether we are really heading inexorably towards a dreadful, global
cataclysm with fatal results for the whole of humanity within a
relative short period of time?
FJTL: I am not a divine prophet, a Nostradamus, also not a
fortune-teller revealing future strokes of luck, however, as natural
scientist and social philosopher I am studying the transhistoric
latencies and tendencies, the possibilities and realities of our epoch
of imperialist corporate globalization. In this case I fear that you
are right, ruling class man, homo homini lupus, is on the verge of
destroying life on this planet, that is, within the space-time of only
two centuries the current capitalist world order is hell bent on
annihilating a huge solar, galactic process that probably took 6
billion years to materialize itself.
JMNB: Getting back to contemporary reality, to the 'plague' about which
already Simon Bolivar has warned us, at the end of January, Robert
Reich of the 'Financial Times' informed us that the North America's
middle class is no longer coping, and is being threatened by
bankruptcy.In your opinion, what did he mean, in how far does the
housing fiasco in the USA affect the future of the world market, of
mankind?
FJTL: A complex question indeed, but let us get down to brass tacks.
Other sources have informed us that even in Europe, for example, in
Germany, that the middle classes are waning away progressively. As a
result of globalization, of concentration of capital, monopolization,
merging and fusion of giant corporations like Exxon and Mobil (1998) or
even Conoco and Phillips (2002), also Time and Warner (1987, 2000) and
even with AOL.
Currently the capitalist mode of production is experiencing its worst
crisis, a possible coming global recession. Although the USA annually
spends more than the rest of the world together in military budgets, in
the production of arms of mass destruction and on aggressive wars, yet
its economy is in shambles, is being burdened by trillions worth of
internal and external debts and an alarming fiscal deficit.
One wonders why the U.S. economy still is functioning and why its
ailing dollar ... not based on productivity, but rather on wild
speculation ... has not collapsed as yet.
In fact, nobody knows or can calculate when this crash will happen. The
only thing that is sure, is that the U.S. economy will eventually
collapse unless, in the last minute by some miracle, the current world
system could be changed radically.
Furthermore, the greenback is losing its hegemony as a world currency
by the second; the dollar is not worth the paper on which it is printed
anymore, it is simply backed by mammoth debts. At the same rate that
foreign petro-dollars flee from Wall Street towards the East, towards
Europe and Asia, towards the promising realms of the euro and the yuan,
the US dollar is losing its value.
Probably, not even the beggars of Manhattan or Harlem want U.S. dollars
anymore; everybody is looking for euros or other foreign currencies.
JMNB: Are you really saying that not even God trusts in the greenback
anymore?
FJTL: This is neither a joke nor an exaggeration, it is an issue of
life or death of North American world hegemony. The acceptance of
foreign European money as exchange value to legally buy goods in
Manhattan was a thing unheard of until now. Believe it or not, a while
ago Reuters informed us that the U.S. dollar, the 'king among
currencies' ain't what it used to be.
Now businessmen simply say that 'money is money' and ''Euros Accepted'
signs are popping up all over in shops in New York City. Making use of
the favorable exchange rates, hordes of European tourists flood New
York City with hard cash to burn and to search for cheap 'pleasure' in
the 'land of a million opportunities'.
Yes, the American dollar is in death throes.
JMNB: As political scientist, how do you see the slump of the American
economy, how is it affecting the middle classes, and in this century
can the United States government or anything else for that matter still
stop the inexorable collapse of the world market, of global capitalism?
FJTL: To be or not to be? What a question, my countrymen?
The dialectical problem, the contradictory dilemma is simple: if we
would conquer power by means of a classical social revolution, by
blowing up bridges, by using the guillotine, by means of a 'reign of
terror' a la frances, by destroying the infrastructures and power
centers of modern capitalism, we would surely not survive the global
toxic results, the human chaos, physical hunger and planetary
radio-activity. It would be a fierce global class war, a Pyhrric
victory.
If we would be doing nothing, and just allow the Nazis of this world to
eradicate poverty by simply making us mad, and then as 'mad cows'
annihilating the poor, then the very same would happen. Metropolitan
imperialism did not produce arsenals of arms of mass destruction to
massacre aliens or international terrorists. As their own spokesmen
declare, they are being accumulated for the coming global class war.
This is what dialectics is all about, what it means to be on the horns
of a dilemma. To enter the current trimensional, micro-, meso- and
macro-worlds, we urgently need new emancipatory paradigms and
parameters, a new logic, science, philosophy and wisdom; this is the
only road left for us, is the crossing of the Rubicon, is creative
exodus, is getting out, is exvolution.
But, let us return to current U.S. patriotic reality, to our immediate
world problem.
JMNB: Is the current U.S. economic slump spelling future fascist doom?
FJTL: De facto, the United States war economy is already in the fangs
of full imperialist over-production of arms and wares of mass
destruction, that is, the United States is already the fascist police
officer of world corporate imperialism, is entering a cataclysmic
recession, which could be followed by violent, terrorist, military
aggressions and global invasions, to conquer all remaining energetic
sources and resources, and thus will be desecrating the sovereignty of
all nations.
JMNB: Does this mean that according to 'full spectrum dominance'
Venezuela is next on the list? In quintessence, what is the good news,
and what is the bad news for Venezuela at this critical moment of world
history?
FJTL: Which news first?
JMNB: The good news.
FJTL: Well, that is very easy. Contrary to many countries of the South,
Venezuela practically swims in an eternal ocean of oil, gas and fresh
water; it possesses an immense biodiversity, strategic metals and
minerals, and a tropical vegetation that could produce oxygen for
centuries to come.
JMNB: D'accord. And the bad news?
FJTL: Precisely the very same news. Contrary to many countries of the
South, Venezuela practically swims in an eternal ocean of oil, gas and
fresh water; ....
This is why Venezuela is practically a member of the sonorous 'axis of
evil', is target No.1 for a new 'discovery', 'Christianization',
pacification and military conquest, is threatened by the Plan Colombia,
and why this Sword of Damocles will forever hover over our heads.
Uncle Sam will commit any crime that could give world capitalism a new
lease of life. This is revolutionary dialectics, where 'good' and 'bad'
news are two sides of the very same world market coin.
JMNB: Apart from trying to save North American capitalism by means of
bloody invasions and world wars, how is the Bush administration trying
to counter the internal explosive situation? Are the middle classes
disappearing? What is currently happening to them?
FJTL: Totally ignoring the ordeal of the working masses, to counter the
economic collapse, President Bush is now offering a $150bn stimulus
package, including middle-class tax cuts and an increased spending on
infrastructure.
JMNB: Do you think that this will somehow relieve the economic agony?
Could it save the middle classes from extinction?
FJTL: No, this aspirin will definitely just heighten the political
headache, strengthen the economic fever and activate the fascist
cancer. Economically, this is just offering peanuts, when we consider
the huge military budget for 2008, that Exxon Mobil makes $1bn profits
a week, not even to mention the booty of Chevron, SonocoPhillips,
Haliburton, Bill Gates and consorts.
JMNB: In times of severe social uproar, could you please explain
briefly the political role of middle classes a little more precisely?
FJTL: Experts in this field have already explained the negative,
reformist role of the middle classes in times of depression and
recession. Philosophically speaking, concerning the middle classes,
they generally play a very opportunistic, even reactionary role in
times of social crises, namely, when capitalism shows its true
'democratic' snarl: fascism.
The immense class struggles on a world scale ... exploding in Nepal,
East Timor, the Middle East, Pakistan, Zimbabwe, Kenya, Bolivia,
Nicaragua, Mexico, Ecuador and, of course, in Cuba and Venezuela ...
now even encompasses 'proletarian' and 'bourgeois' nations and even
continents. Hence, in globalization where physical labor of billions is
becoming obsolete, as predicted by Marx and Engels in the 'Manifesto of
the Communist Party', and in 'Capital', the middle classes will rapidly
vanish, a few members may reach the shores of the upper echelons of
imperialist corporatism, however, the immense majority in geometric
numbers will progressively be devoured by the Moloch of global
pauperization; as new unemployed starving masses, these ex-middle
classes will have to share their misery with the wretched of the earth,
and will have to storm the metropolitan flesh-pots and to forget all
about their nightmares of 'communism' and their pipe-dreams about a
good, capitalist, promised 'land of milk and honey'.
JMNB: Concerning the 'nightmares of communism' in your opinion, is it
true that by inherent, inherited, ideological nature nearly all members
of the middle classes (also in Venezuela) have a deep-seated,
aggressive, anti-socialist, anti-communist and anti-Marxist world
outlook?
FJTL: This anti-dialectical materialism, anti-hylozoism and
anti-Marxism are not private assets of the middle classes only, some
2,500 years ago, already Anaxagoras was thrown out of Athens, was
ostracized because he claimed that the Moon was not a divinity, not
Selena, but simply a piece of rock. To preserve the ruling class status
quo, all idealists, from Plato to Plotin, from St. Augustine to Saint
Thomas of Aquinas, from the Papacy to the Vatican, all hated
materialist philosophy. Furthermore, anti-communism, anti-Marxism are
inherent basic elements of bourgeois, anti-proletarian, democratic,
capitalist ideology: McCarthyism, Stalinism, Catholicism, Christianity,
the world religions, Zionism, Apartheid, Gandhism, liberalism,
revisionism, reformism, puntofijism, fascism and Nazism, as national
socialism, all hated the very thoughts and acts of Marxist
revolutionaries. In the last analysis, to them, a Marxist is the
incorporation of the devil himself. Now, it seems that even the newly
founded United Socialist Party of Venezuela (PSUV) is destined to take
this anti-Marxist highway, if this should become true, then: 'Welcome,
Uncle Sam'! Bye, Bye, Socialist Revolution!
JMNB: Before we follow up this train of thought, let us clarify another
issue: like here in Venezuela, does it mean that the American middle
classes have lived beyond their pay cheques, were living on credit, on
credit cards? Will the Venezuelan middle classes eventually share the
same fate of mass extinction? Will they soon lose their palaces and
Hummer luxury cars to foreign and national banks?
FJTL: Yes, but this concerns different countries and distinct social
classes and economic realities. We cannot deal in detail with such
complex questions here. Nevertheless, could you please formulate your
question more precisely?
JMNB: Okay, in what did the North American middle classes spend the
money that they did not earn as yet, and will probably never earn, and
what is really happening there? Are the North American middle classes
eroding away?
FJTL: In spite of all the military pomp and glory, in a capitalist
society of economic bankruptcy, in a 'great society', the inherent
contradictions deepen, and it is the middle classes that first are
feeling the volcanic eruptions. The moment when 'Third World'
democratic revolutionaries conquer political power (not economic
power), they tend to become middle classes, or at least to construct a
new political middle class. This is the case currently in South Africa
and Venezuela.
This is extremely dangerous for the forward march of a real, true
socialist revolution. This new class, accumulating wealth and
privileges, readily aligns itself with the counter-revolution.
JMNB: In brief, in this spirit, over the last months, economically,
what really occurred in the USA?
FJTL: A lot of things that could scare us to death, however, the
following, the possible collapse of world capitalism, concerns us here.
As we have been informed last year the U.S. slump detonated in the
housing sector, which abruptly ended the housing boom. Recession was
dawning on the belligerent horizon and serious economic problems faced
the banks and brokers, who possessed huge assets in mortgage
securities. This again immediately affected the opulent middle classes.
JMNB: In this epoch of global class struggles, as mentioned by you
before, we know that the middle classes are caught up between the two
major contending historic forces, and that usually at first they
experience the sysmic tremors of social upheaval. Hence, my questions:
faced by an approximating disaster, by recession in the USA, which will
spill over to Latin America, how are the Northern middle classes
reacting? Did metropolitan capitalism come to their rescue? What is
happening to their unpaid debts and homes? What will be their social
destiny?
FJTL: Well, surely, these are fundamental questions, very educative for
the Venezuelan 'Gente de petroleo', for the new political middle class,
for the treacherous 'Chavistas without Chávez'.As we learned from the
news, the newly pauperized middle classes, especially the lower
sectors, desperately began to borrow. As a result of their home equity
loans, in fact, their very homes became piggy banks. At the same time,
the banks stepped in and credit cards were raining down like manna from
the sky; furthermore, second mortgages and refinancing began to play
havoc with this buffer class; like the USA itself, deeper and deeper,
millions are progressively falling into the loan abyss, into the
bottomless pit of globalization.
All this may cause rumbling, mumbling and roaring in the lower sectors
of American society.
As such, in the United States the epoch of easily making and getting
money suddenly came to a close. The bursting house bubble flung
thousands of homeless citizens onto the merciless streets. ready to
accompany the millions of poor devils who since decades were and are
already sleeping under falling bridges.
Of course, all over anxiety and fear of dark days ahead, of an
uncertain future are gripping not only the toiling laborers, but now
also all middle class sectors, all previous lovers of capitalism, that
is, all who were searching for a panacea, for change within this
exploitative world order, that is, worldwide, from New York to London,
from Berlin to Moscow, from Beijing to Tokyo, to Cape Town, to Rio
deJaneiro, to Caracas, to Miami, etc. All the so-called technological
benefits of globalized economic growth praised over the last decades
did not even reach the middle classes, rather they mainly went into the
production of arms and means of natural, mental and corporeal mass
destruction, which just served the class interests of small global
parasitic ruling elites. For example, the class interests of the
hundreds of marauding billionaires in the world, of whom the USA
harbors the lion's share. 432 of them make super profits worldwide,
especially in the U.S. war economy; Germany has 55 billionaires, India
54, Russia 53, China 28, South Africa 3, Egypt 2 and Venezuela/Colombia
remain with only 2.But things are becoming worse in the USA. Well known
bourgeois analysts and economists like Sal Guatieri or John Ryding are
telling us that "compelling evidence" exists that the United States is
deep in recession. In fact, currently the recession has already reached
the service sectors, restaurants, insurances, health care and
hospitals. Well, during the next months, we will witness the Via Crucis
of the U.S. dollar and the demise of the USA as a world super power.
None of the competitors, neither China nor Europe, neither Russia nor
India, show special interest in becoming super powers and to relieve
the USA from its inexorable demise. Any final question?
JMNB: Yes, a very important one. It concerns our interview, it concerns
countering the lies, myths and hoaxes spread by the huge international
mass media about Venezuela, about President Chavez. Is a powerful
electronic news medium, in foreign languages, like VHeadline imperative
in the defense of democracy and socialism in Venezuela? Finally, do we
really have a social, a socialist revolution in Venezuela?
FJTL: The truth is the Achilles Heel of the North American Empire of
globalized corporate imperialism, of global fascism. In the fierce 'war
of ideas', in this world of 'psychological warfare', of Orwellian Mind
and Thought Control, of Newspeak, of a coming Mental Holocaust,
urgently independent news media like our VHeadline website in English
and Spanish, have to be supported materially and financially.
If we neglect this strategic praxical and theoretical weapon, our class
enemies will have all the freedom in the world to denigrate us, to
crush us, to assassinate the character of President Chávez and all
these will weaken the already tender Bolivarian Revolution more and
more, and eventually could nip it mercilessly in the bud.
It is extremely urgent that all forces of global resistance defend the
truth in Venezuela, that they know what is going on here.
The counter-revolution is already in our midst, it is already capturing
our news media, hence, let us take care. The Bolivarian Revolution is
at stake.
Only Knowledge and Truth, only real revolutionary práxis and true
emancipatory theory can still save it, that is, scientific and
philosophic socialism.
The next months will be decisive, hence we have to act now.In
conclusion, definitely, in the epoch of globalization, at the eve of
the 21st century, social and socialist revolutions are very rare, very
scarce indeed. Not anything is a revolution, is socialism. At least,
the latter is the dialectical No, the negation of global capitalism and
can be nothing else.
Surely, we are making the Bolivarian Revolution, over the last decade
it really demonstrated its working class base: it showed magnificent
paradigms of modern trails of elementary class struggle in April and
December, 2002, and in January 2003.
Surely, we are constructing indigenous, Christian socialism, well,
nothing wrong with this, we decide what we do and think. this is
Bolivarian Socialism. However, our duty is to make permanently the
world revolution; when it is there, we further it, when it is not
there, we create it.
If we should lose it, we have to start all over again, enriched in
praxical experience, invincible in social theory and powerful in
emancipatory wisdom, creation and creativity.
We do not first support the revolution, then we get frustrated, because
the revolution has entered the historical doldrums, then we leave it,
and finally join the 'opposition'.
This is not revolutionary, this is cowardice, opportunism, is the
behavior pattern of a traitor, of a treacherous reformist turncoat.If
one should be the very last revolutionary on earth, it would still be
one's duty to fight exploitation, domination, discrimination, genocide
and alienation, the quintessence of capitalism, of globalization, we
would have to defend the negation of capitalism, to construct its No,
its Negation, Socialism.
Comrades, from Revolution to Emancipation, la lutta continua -- ¡Hasta
la Victoria Siempre!
JMNB: Prof. Franz Lee, comrade, thanks for a most educative exclusive
interview.
*****
The demise of the dollar
By Robert Fisk
In a graphic illustration of the new world order, Arab states have
launched secret moves with China, Russia and France to stop using the
US currency for oil trading
In the most profound financial change in recent Middle East history,
Gulf Arabs are planning - along with China, Russia, Japan and France -
to end dollar dealings for oil, moving instead to a basket of
currencies including the Japanese yen and Chinese yuan, the euro, gold
and a new, unified currency planned for nations in the Gulf
Co-operation Council, including Saudi Arabia, Abu Dhabi, Kuwait and
Qatar.
Secret meetings have already been held by finance ministers and central
bank governors in Russia, China, Japan and Brazil to work on the
scheme, which will mean that oil will no longer be priced in dollars.
The plans, confirmed to The Independent by both Gulf Arab and Chinese
banking sources in Hong Kong, may help to explain the sudden rise in
gold prices, but it also augurs an extraordinary transition from dollar
markets within nine years.
The Americans, who are aware the meetings have taken place - although
they have not discovered the details - are sure to fight this
international cabal which will include hitherto loyal allies Japan and
the Gulf Arabs. Against the background to these currency meetings, Sun
Bigan, China's former special envoy to the Middle East, has warned
there is a risk of deepening divisions between China and the US over
influence and oil in the Middle East. "Bilateral quarrels and clashes
are unavoidable," he told the Asia and Africa Review. "We cannot lower
vigilance against hostility in the Middle East over energy interests
and security."
This sounds like a dangerous prediction of a future economic war
between the US and China over Middle East oil - yet again turning the
region's conflicts into a battle for great power supremacy. China uses
more oil incrementally than the US because its growth is less energy
efficient. The transitional currency in the move away from dollars,
according to Chinese banking sources, may well be gold. An indication
of the huge amounts involved can be gained from the wealth of Abu
Dhabi, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and Qatar who together hold an estimated
$2.1 trillion in dollar reserves.
The decline of American economic power linked to the current global
recession was implicitly acknowledged by the World Bank president
Robert Zoellick. "One of the legacies of this crisis may be a
recognition of changed economic power relations," he said in Istanbul
ahead of meetings this week of the IMF and World Bank. But it is
China's extraordinary new financial power - along with past anger among
oil-producing and oil-consuming nations at America's power to interfere
in the international financial system - which has prompted the latest
discussions involving the Gulf states.
Brazil has shown interest in collaborating in non-dollar oil payments,
along with India. Indeed, China appears to be the most enthusiastic of
all the financial powers involved, not least because of its enormous
trade with the Middle East.
China imports 60 per cent of its oil, much of it from the Middle East
and Russia. The Chinese have oil production concessions in Iraq -
blocked by the US until this year - and since 2008 have held an $8bn
agreement with Iran to develop refining capacity and gas resources.
China has oil deals in Sudan (where it has substituted for US
interests) and has been negotiating for oil concessions with Libya,
where all such contracts are joint ventures.
Furthermore, Chinese exports to the region now account for no fewer
than 10 per cent of the imports of every country in the Middle East,
including a huge range of products from cars to weapon systems, food,
clothes, even dolls. In a clear sign of China's growing financial
muscle, the president of the European Central Bank, Jean-Claude
Trichet, yesterday pleaded with Beijing to let the yuan appreciate
against a sliding dollar and, by extension, loosen China's reliance on
US monetary policy, to help rebalance the world economy and ease upward
pressure on the euro.
Ever since the Bretton Woods agreements - the accords after the Second
World War which bequeathed the architecture for the modern
international financial system - America's trading partners have been
left to cope with the impact of Washington's control and, in more
recent years, the hegemony of the dollar as the dominant global reserve
currency.
The Chinese believe, for example, that the Americans persuaded Britain
to stay out of the euro in order to prevent an earlier move away from
the dollar. But Chinese banking sources say their discussions have gone
too far to be blocked now. "The Russians will eventually bring in the
rouble to the basket of currencies," a prominent Hong Kong broker told
The Independent. "The Brits are stuck in the middle and will come into
the euro. They have no choice because they won't be able to use the US
dollar."
Chinese financial sources believe President Barack Obama is too busy
fixing the US economy to concentrate on the extraordinary implications
of the transition from the dollar in nine years' time. The current
deadline for the currency transition is 2018.
The US discussed the trend briefly at the G20 summit in Pittsburgh; the
Chinese Central Bank governor and other officials have been worrying
aloud about the dollar for years. Their problem is that much of their
national wealth is tied up in dollar assets.
"These plans will change the face of international financial
transactions," one Chinese banker said. "America and Britain must be
very worried. You will know how worried by the thunder of denials this
news will generate."
Iran announced late last month that its foreign currency reserves would
henceforth be held in euros rather than dollars. Bankers remember, of
course, what happened to the last Middle East oil producer to sell its
oil in euros rather than dollars. A few months after Saddam Hussein
trumpeted his decision, the Americans and British invaded Iraq.
Entrevista a Franz J. T. Lee: De verdad afirma que ni siquiera
Dios confía en el billete verde?
Guerra preventiva: Bases
militares en Colombia amenazan paz de América Latina
Fecha: 25/02/08
"FJTL: ... De facto, la economía de guerra de los Estados Unidos ya se
encuentra en las fauces de la total sobreproducción imperialista de
armas y herramientas de destrucción, es decir, los Estados Unidos ya es
la policía fascista del imperialismo corporativo mundial, y está
entrando en una recesión cataclísmica, que vendrá seguida de violentas
agresiones militares terroristas, para conquistar todas las fuentes
restantes de recursos, y así profanar las soberanías de todos los
países.
JMNB: ¿Esto quiere decir que de acuerdo a la doctrina del 'dominio de
pleno espectro' Venezuela es la próxima de la lista? En esencia,
¿cuáles son las buenas noticias y cuáles son las malas noticias para
Venezuela en este momento crítico de la historia mundial?
FJTL: ¿Cuáles noticias quiere primero?
JMNB: Las buenas.
FJTL: Bueno, eso es muy sencillo. Al contrario que muchos países del
sur, Venezuela prácticamente nada en un océano interminable de
petróleo, gas y agua dulce; posee una inmensa biodiversidad, metales y
minerales estratégicos, y una vegetación tropical que puede producir
oxígenos por muchos siglos.
JMNB: De acuerdo. ¿Y las malas noticias?
FJTL: Precisamente son las mismas buenas. Por eso es que Venezuela es
prácticamente un miembro del sonoro 'eje del mal', el objetivo número 1
para un nuevo 'descubrimiento', 'cristianización', pacificación y
conquista militar, amenazada por el Plan Colombia, y el por qué esta
Espada de Damocles penderá para siempre sobre nuestras cabezas. El Tío
Sam cometerá cualquier crimen para darle al capitalismo mundial un
nuevo aliento de vida. Esta es la dialéctica revolucionaria, en donde
las 'buenas' y 'malas' noticias son los dos lados de la misma moneda
del mercado mundial."
Entrevista a Franz
J. T. Lee: De verdad
afirma que ni siquiera
Dios confía en el billete verde?
Guerra preventiva: Bases
militares en Colombia amenazan paz de América Latina
YVKE Mundial :: Internacionales
Lunes, 5 de Oct de
2009.
7:47 pm
El representante
permanente de Venezuela ante la ONU, Jorge Valero,
puntualizó que aún está fresco en la memoria de todos los países
latinoamericanos “el oscuro capítulo de las intervenciones militares de
potencias extranjeras, de poderes imperiales y sus nefastas secuelas”
Prensa Web YVKE Mundial/ABN
Lunes, 5 de Oct de 2009. 7:47 pm
Venezuela reiteró ante la Organización de Naciones Unidas (ONU) su
preocupación por la instalación de las siete bases militares de Estados
Unidos (EEUU) en Colombia, por considerar que amenazan la paz en
América Latina y el Caribe.
Así lo expresó el representante permanente de Venezuela ante la ONU,
Jorge Valero, durante el inicio del debate general de la Primera
Comisión, correspondiente al 64º Período de Sesiones de la Asamblea
General de Naciones Unidas.
Valero puntualizó que aún está fresco en la memoria de todos los países
latinoamericanos “el oscuro capítulo de las intervenciones militares de
potencias extranjeras, de poderes imperiales y sus nefastas secuelas”,
destaca una nota de prensa.
“Esta situación ha generado un clima de desconfianza en la región”,
advirtió el también viceministro para América del Norte y Asuntos
Multilaterales, Jorge Valero, al tocar el tema del desarme y de las
armas nucleares.
El diplomático recordó el reciente señalamiento del presidente de la
República Bolivariana de Venezuela, Hugo Chávez, en su discurso ante
las Naciones Unidas, en el cual indicó que “esas siete bases militares
estadounidenses son una amenaza no sólo para la paz de Colombia sino
para la paz en Suramérica”.
De igual modo, subrayó la pertinencia de la Declaración de los Jefes y
jefas de Estado de Unión de Naciones Suramericanas (Unasur), celebrada
en Bariloche, Argentina, en la que se decidió “reafirmar que la
presencia de fuerzas militares extranjeras no puede amenazar la
soberanía e integridad de cualquier nación suramericana y, en
consecuencia, la paz y seguridad en la región”.
Recalcó la vocación pacifista de América Latina y el Caribe, a la vez
precisó que la región posee uno de los niveles más bajos de gastos
militares en el mundo. El embajador Valero reiteró el compromiso de
Venezuela en la lucha por un mundo libre de armas de destrucción
masiva, así como el apoyo del Gobierno Bolivariano al programa de
acción para prevenir, combatir y eliminar el tráfico ilícito de armas
pequeñas y ligeras en todos sus aspectos.
En relación con el tema de las armas de destrucción masiva, calificó de
positivas las negociaciones que adelantan las dos principales potencias
nucleares, Rusia y Estados Unidos, para la reducción de sus arsenales
nucleares. “Esperamos que en los acuerdos que puedan alcanzar sean
aplicados los principios de transparencia y verificación”, indicó.
Asimismo, expresó su desacuerdo con el instrumento aprobado por la
Cumbre del Consejo de Seguridad sobre la No proliferación y Desarme,
por cuanto intenta desconocer y deslegitimar el régimen multilateral de
desarme negociado en foros multilaterales pertinentes.
Valero dijo que “Venezuela reafirma el derecho inalienable que asiste a
los Estados a desarrollar, producir e investigar el uso de la energía
nuclear con fines pacíficos, sin discriminación, en especial cuando se
trata de países en desarrollo que requieren diversificar sus fuentes de
energía y lograr su independencia tecnológica”.
El representante permanente de Venezuela ante las Naciones Unidas
también ratificó el apoyo del Gobierno Nacional a la propuesta de
establecer, en el menor plazo, una zona libre de armas nucleares en el
Oriente Medio.
En este sentido, consideró “indispensable que Israel, el único país que
no se ha adherido al Tratado sobre la No Proliferación de las Armas
Nucleares (TNP) ni ha declarado su intención de hacerlo, renuncie a
poseer esas armas y someta sus instalaciones nucleares a la supervisión
del Organismo Internacional de Energía Atómica'.
**** COMMENTARY: Annihilation
of all capitalist alliances, organizations, common wealths, 'unions',
'united states' or
'united nations' which perpetuate global exploitation ...
By Franz J. T. Lee
We welcome the immense
efforts
of President Hugo Chavez Frias and the
Bolivarian Government of Venezuela in their gigantic efforts to foster
a South-South, a Latin American-African Unity against global
imperialism and fascism.
Of course unity must be
based
on revolutionary and emancipatory
principles as elaborated by scientific socialism, as real, concrete
praxico-theoretical anti-capitalism, directed against the current world
order in which system none of our fundamental problems ever could be
resolved.
Africa and South America
formed
and still compose two decisive sides of
the Bermuda Triangle of the global division of labor, of the unequal
exchange on the world market. Hence, our historic duty is to annihilate
all alliances, organizations, common wealths, unions, 'united states'
or
'united nations' which are perpetuating global famine, misery and
repression, more precisely, exploitation, domination,
racism, militarization and alienation. Anything else will lead humanity
itself to total extinction. **** Africa-South
America
Summit in
Venezuela Cements South-South Collaboration September 27th 2009, by
Tamara Pearson
- Venezuelanalysis.com The Africa-South America (ASA)
Summit
(María Cecilia Toro/PP) The Africa-South America (ASA)
Summit
(María Cecilia Toro/PP)
Mérida, September 27th, 2009
(Venezuelanalysis.com) - Creating a new Radio of the South, formalising
the Bank of the South, criticising the make-up of the UN Security
Council, and supporting Honduran President Manuel Zelaya were among the
outcomes at the second Africa-South American Summit (ASA) that was held
this weekend on Margarita Island, Venezuela.
Heads of state from 61
countries, 49
from Africa and 12 from South America, participated in the summit, with
the theme of "Closing gaps, opening up opportunities."
Radio of the South
The Summit launched the Radio of
the
South, a network of radio stations driven by Venezuelan National Radio
(RNV), which, as it says in its mission statement, aims to bring the
revolutionary struggles of the people of the South to the forefront,
and to promote the union of peoples of the South through information
exchange and cross-national collaboration.
Initially the radio network will
reach
40% of Venezuela, as well as integrating 18 radio stations in
Argentina, 10 in Colombia, 4 in Bolivia, 4 in Honduras and Uruguay, 3
in Panama, Nicaragua, Paraguay, Brazil, Mexico, and the U.S, 2 in Cuba,
Ecuador, Peru, and Haiti, and 1 in Guatemala, Dominican Republic,
Chile, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea.
A team of translators in Caracas
will
bring the programming to Gambia Radio, whose news will also be
translated into Spanish. A similar exchange will be carried out with
Radio Benin and Algeria's International Radio.
Programming will include 35%
Venezuelan and Latin American music, and Radio of the South studios in
Caracas will produce a third of the programming, while the rest will be
produced by allied radios across America and Africa. The radio can also
be listened to live on the internet at http://www.laradiodelsur.com/.
Bank of the South
During the Summit on Saturday,
the
heads of state of Argentina, Chile, Bolivia, Brazil, Uruguay, and
Venezuela signed a document to form the Bank of the South, which will
have a starting capital of US$20 billion. Venezuela will contribute $4
billion, as will Brazil and Argentina, with other countries also
contributing according to their capacity.
"It will be our bank, to bring
back
the reserves that we have up there in north that they use to give
credits to us," Venezuelan president Hugo Chavez said.
"The transfer of resources from
the
South to the North is a tremendous figure and they lend that money back
to us with interest rates far superior to what they pay us...but we're
not stupid, we are waking up and they won't keep manipulating us with
this tale of the ‘free market,'" Chavez said.
The constituting agreement says
the
bank will have its headquarters in Caracas and offices in Buenos Aires
and La Paz. It will only lend to member countries and can lend to a
range of organisations, including private companies, cooperatives, and
state organisations, but taking into consideration the extent to which
they generate food, energy, health, natural resources or knowledge
sovereignty. It will also encourage development projects.
"The bank of the south is
strategic...
I think we should go even further and gradually put together our own
South-South financial system," Chavez said, adding that in the future,
"We have to create...a South-South bank or the Bank of ASA, Banasa."
For a fairer UN Security Council
In order to achieve more
"balance,"
the ASA conference called for a reformation of the UN Security Council,
in which 5 countries (China, France, Russia, the UK and the US) are
permanent members and have veto power.
In a document passed by the
summit,
the ASA countries stated the need for "a greater participation of
developing countries in South America and Africa...in order to correct
the current imbalance and make this Council a more democratic,
transparent, representative, effective and legitimate organisation that
responds to the new political realities."
The document continued, "We
praise the
efforts carried out in the inter-governmental negotiations on this
issue, in conformity with decision 62/55 of the General Assembly of the
UN."
Honduras
Regarding the recent coup in
June in
Honduras and the return of legitimate president Manuel Zelaya to the
country on 21 September, when he sought refuge in the Brazilian
embassy, Brazil proposed a declaration on Honduras to ASA, which was
approved unanimously.
The Declaration condemned the
coup of
28 June and demanded the immediate and unconditional return of Zelaya
to his position as president and that the Honduran coup regime comply
with the Vienna Convention regarding the inviolability of diplomatic
missions.
"The heads of state of South
America
and Africa meeting on Margarita Island on 26 and 27 September express
their deep concern for the current political situation in Honduras,"
the declaration said.
Venezuela's participation in the
Summit
Chavez proposed, and the summit
approved, a proposal that Venezuela take on the responsibility of
organising the ASA secretariat from now on. The secretariat would meet
on Margarita Island and would ensure implementation of the plans and
projects coming out of the summit.
Chavez said that in order to
turn
"ideas into projects" he should be permitted to head up the
secretariat, and that what were previously working groups could be
turned into presidential commissions.
During the summit, Venezuela
also
signed notes of understanding for the formation of joint mining
ventures with Sierra Leone, Mali, Namibia, Niger, and Mauritania.
Chavez announced that he had signed an agreement of cooperation with
the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations to assist
with the battle against hunger in Africa by providing seeds,
fertiliser, and other farming technology. "[ASA] is a vital mechanism,
it's the
union of South America with Africa... We'll prove that we are a big
power and that the union of these two powers, South America and Africa,
will contribute to what [Simon] Bolivar said, the equilibrium of the
world," Chavez said. http://www.venezuelanalysis.com/news/4822
**** Comentario:
Aniquilación de todas las alianzas capitalistas, organizaciones,
mancomunidades, uniones, 'Estados unidos' o 'naciones unidas' que
eternalizan la explotación global ...
Por: Franz J. T. Lee Le
damos la bienvenida a los esfuerzos inmensos del Presidente Hugo Chávez
Frías y el gobierno bolivariano de Venezuela en su tarea gigantesca de
fomentar una unión Sur-Sur, una unidad latinoamericana-africana en
contra del imperialismo y fascismo global.
Naturalmente,
la unidad tiene que basarse en principios revolucionarios y
emancipatorios tal y como fueron elaborados por el socialismo
científico, como un anti-capitalismo real, concreto, práxico-teórico,
dirigido en contra del orden mundial actual en el que ninguno de
nuestros problemas fundamentales jamás podrá ser resuelto. África
y América del Sur han formado y todavía siguen constituyendo los dos
lados
decisivos del 'Triángulo de Bermuda' de la división global del trabajo,
del intercambio desigual en el mercado mundial. Por esto, nuestra
tarea histórica es aniquilar todas las alianzas, organizaciones,
mancomunidades, uniones, 'Estados unidos' o 'naciones unidas' que
eternalicen el hambre, la miseria y represión global, más preciso,
la explotación, dominación, el racismo, la militarización y alienación.
Cualquier otra cosa que no sea un anti-capitalismo contundente, llevará
a
la humanidad a la extinción.
*****
(VIDEO) II Cumbre ASA
concluyó con planteamientos históricos Por: Prensa Web RNV / Prensa
ASA / Aporrea.org Fecha de publicación:
27/09/09
II Cumbre ASA concluyó con planteamientos históricos
Credito: Abn
27 de sept. 2009. -"Vamos a conformar dos grandes polos de poder de
este mundo pluripolar y multipolar que ya comenzó a nacer, buscando un
mundo donde no habrá más imperialismo, donde los pueblos seremos
libres, uniéndonos para salir de la miseria, del atraso, de la
situación de subdesarrollo a la cual fuimos condenados por los imperios
del norte", expresó el Presidente Chávez en referencia a Europa y
Estados Unidos. "Por aquí, por el Sur, ha comenzado el camino hacia la
salvación del mundo y de la humanidad".
Durante los dos días de discusión, los jefes de Estado expusieron
importantes planteamientos que dan cuenta de los nuevos esquemas de
relaciones internacionales que están surgiendo.
"La liberación de los pueblos africano y suramericano depende de las
capacidades, valores y la posibilidad de ser protagonistas del nuevo
mundo que se está construyendo", afirmó Cristina Fernández, presidenta
de Argentina en una de sus intervenciones.
Por su parte, el presidente de la República de Bolivia, Evo Morales,
exhortó a los líderes y pueblos del Sur a recuperar los recursos
naturales y a tomar previsiones para que el capitalismo no acabe con el
planeta. También advirtió que "no solamente es importante liberarnos
como seres humanos, sino liberar nuestros recursos naturales para
resolver los problemas de nuestros países".
El líder libio Al Gadhafi recordó que "Hemos estado luchando por
nuestra revolución, obteniendo mucho éxito en los países de América
Latina, espero que podamos obtener resultados que consoliden los
proyectos económicos alcanzados por nuestros pueblos y así poder abrir
los caminos en la lucha por la soberanía". Asimismo, recalcó que
"contamos con un potencial demográfico enorme y una calidad humana
insuperable y tenemos que estar representados como la Unión Europea,
como Rusia, como los países del Norte".
El acercamiento regional es uno de los grandes logros de este histórico
encuentro que tuvo como sede al estado Nueva Esparta, por eso el
presidente ecuatoriano Rafael Correa señaló que "estas reuniones entre
los pobres de la Tierra nos asegura lograr la segunda independencia. La
presidencia de la Unasur tiene el compromiso de fortalecer el proceso
de coordinación latinoamericana y construir el desarrollo equitativo de
nuestros pueblos, articular la cooperación internacional y la lucha
contra la exclusión social, y en este caso particular implica la
profundización de las relaciones entre América del Sur y África".
**** International
Financial Crisis and End of the Dollar Hegemony: United States versus ALBA
By: Jutta Schmitt
The truth now is: “He who
prints the money makes the rules”-- at least
for the time being. (...) The goals are (...): compel foreign countries
to produce and subsidize the country with military superiority and
control over the monetary printing presses.
Ron Paul
In November last year, at
the third extraordinary Summit of Heads of
State and Government of the Bolivarian Alternative for the Peoples of
Our America (ALBA) - Peoples' Trade Agreement (TCP), the presidents
came together with the intention to confront the crisis of the global
capitalist system. Considering the volatility of the international
financial system, the untenable situation of the capitalist model with
its destructive logic, and the absence of proposals and categorical
measures by the big global power centers in order to confront the
crisis, the presidents of the ALBA member States shared the opinion
that the international financial system cannot simply be re-founded but
has to be replaced by a different one, based on solidarity, stability,
ecological sustainability and social justice. The Heads of State
concurred with each other in that the countries of our region, if their
response to the crisis intends to be efficient, definitely have to
break lose and protect themselves from the grip of transnational
capital so as to be able to take a different direction that does not
make them dependent on the eroded international economic and financial
system, nor on the US dollar hegemony, artificially maintained and
literally imposed by force. To this effect, they agreed on creating a
Latin American monetary zone that would, in its first phase, comprise
the ALBA member States and it was further detailed that the monetary
zone would count with a Chamber for the Compensation of Payments and a
Stabilization and Reserve Fund, financed by the contributions of its
member States. What concerns the economic policies of the future Latin
American monetary and economic zone, the Heads of State agreed on the
implementation of an expansive policy of demand stimulation, Keynesian
in nature, promoting investments to further the development of
complementary economic activities. (1)
Furthermore, the
presidents agreed that the Latin American monetary
zone would issue its own currency, the 'Unified System of Regional
Compensation' or Sucre, in order to gain independence from the
international financial markets and to break with the eternal
dependency on the US Dollar as the main currency for trade and
financial transactions, prevalent up to now in the trade relations
between our Latin American countries.(2) The financial operations with
the new currency are expected to begin next year, and there is trust
that the ALBA member States can count on this instrument from the very
1st of January 2010 on.(3) Therewith, an extremely important step will
be taken on the road to the necessary dismantlement of the present
international economic and financial system which remains characterized
by the hegemony of the US Dollar, enabling the United States to import
goods and services from all over the world in exchange of a printed
piece of green paper which is practically worthless.
The fact that the dollar
today has no other real value than the value
of the paper its printed on, makes the continuity of its world hegemony
a matter of life and death for the United States of America. In a
condensed overview of the history of the rise and fall of the US
dollar, it is pertinent to remind the reader that after the Second
World War the North American economy was the most powerful and solid of
the entire world. It had enormous capacities of exportation and credit,
which allowed it to finance the reconstruction of Western Europe
through the famous Marshall Plan, in view of fostering a future
European market to absorb US exports and investments, as well as
containing the possible influence of the Soviet Union in Western
Europe. The US Dollar transformed itself into the world's unchallenged,
leading reserve currency, within the framework of the Bretton Woods
international monetary system under the gold-exchange-standard. The
Dollar figured as the anchor or reserve currency, convertible in gold,
and fixed exchange rates were established between the different
international currencies.
However, the growing
trade deficit of the United States, combined with
an inflationary monetary policy, especially during the Vietnam War,
lead to the collapse of the Dollar's convertibility in gold, which
ended with its unilateral suspension by the Nixon administration in
1973. Therewith, the original Bretton Woods system had collapsed and
the dollar suffered a sensitive decline as international reserve
currency, although it did not really get challenged by other currencies
at that moment, given the absence of a sufficiently strong competitor
who could have occupied this position. The breakdown of the Bretton
Woods system lead to the devaluation of the dollar and thus caused a
decrease of revenues from oil for the OPEC countries, as oil was priced
in dollars only. This fact, in addition to the 1973 Jom Kippur war in
the Middle East, lead to the rise of oil prices and the oil crisis of
1973/74, which, in turn, generated the phenomenon known as the
'recycling of petro-dollars' that ended up in strengthening once more
the position of the US dollar. In the absence of an alternative
international reserve currency or the existence of a petro-currency
basket, the dollar got 'anchored' to oil in a kind of 'oil-standard',
which enabled it to perpetuate itself, in spite of the enormous and
growing balance of payments deficit of the US, as the primary
international reserve currency and the only petro-currency, practically
until our days. This panorama only had begun to change with the rise,
at the beginning of the new millennium, of a strongly competing
international reserve currency, the euro, and the displacement of the
world economic center from North America to Europe and Asia. Today,
with the collapse of the international financial system and the
generalized capitalist crisis, the panorama looks troubling for the US
dollar.
Until now, two main
factors have helped sustain the privileged position
of the dollar in the world: Firstly, the capital flows towards the
United States as a result of the re-investment, in the United States,
of the commercial surpluses obtained by nations and investors through
their trade with the US. Secondly, the exclusive pricing, on a world
wide scale, of oil transactions in US dollars, being this factor of
vital importance to the United States for guaranteeing the perpetuation
of their currency as the leading and indispensable international
reserve currency. This allows the US to continue to encumber itself
with debts denominated in their own currency, for which the US holds
the exclusive printing monopoly. This means that the Federal Reserve
has printed and continues to print dollars in the quantity and at the
time it deems necessary, practically without restrictions, apart from
the capacity and will of others to absorb them on a global scale, and
the inflationary pressure generated by this on the domestic as well as
international level. As if this were not enough, the immense capital
flows towards the United States from abroad not only have financed its
trade and balance of payments deficits, but, and perversely so, also
the costs of its military spending which are the highest of the planet.
This is how, on the one hand and given the astronomical costs of its
military spending, US military supremacy would come down like a house
of cards if the dollar would lose its role as the world's leading
reserve and petro-currency; and on the other hand, it is the same US
military supremacy by virtue of which the United States have been able
to defend, in a 'preemptive' manner, their currency and its privileged
position in the world on which the whole deficit-existence of the
United States of America has comfortably rested until now.
In the words of US
congressman, Ron Paul:
"Ironically, dollar
superiority depends on our strong
military, and our strong military depends on the dollar. As long
as
foreign recipients take our dollars for real goods and are willing to
finance our extravagant consumption and militarism, the status quo will
continue regardless of how huge our foreign debt and current account
deficit become." (4)
The price that a part of
the world had to pay so that this perverse
system would maintain itself intact, has expressed itself in pressures,
coercion, threats, aggression wars, military coups and destabilizing
operations, especially in the cases of those countries which, in one
way or the other, have tried to establish another kind of financial
framework which could have led, eventually, to the demise of the dollar
hegemony. Remember the case of Iraq with the decision of Saddam
Hussein, in November of the year 2000, to shift Iraq's international
reserves from the dollar to the euro and to price the sale of Iraqi oil
in euros; situation which was immediately reverted by the North
American invaders once Iraq had been attacked and occupied in 2003.
There is the case of the continuous threats against the Islamic
Republic of Iran, a country which in the year 2002 began to shift a big
part of its international currency reserves from dollars to euros and
which launched the project of an Iranian Oil Bourse to be set up on the
island of Kish, which would price the sale of Iranian oil in euros and
other currencies with exception of the dollar. The project was
postponed various times for unknown reasons until the Iranian Oil
Bourse finally opened its operations in February last year.(5) And
then, there is the notorious case of our Bolivarian Republic of
Venezuela, victim of a military coup in the year 2002 and since then,
of continuous destabilization operations which point to an eventual
direct military intervention by the US Armed Forces, from Colombian
territory; not only because of the appetite the government of the
United States has for the natural and energy resources of Venezuela and
the region, but also because president Hugo Chávez has pronounced
himself in the past in favour of the pricing of Venezuelan oil in euros
and other currencies, and also has traded certain amounts of Venezuelan
oil for its respective equivalent in goods and services with other
countries of the region, thus avoiding the use of the US dollar in
inter-regional trade transactions. Russia and China, which holds the
world's largest dollar reserves, have long considered that the dollar
does not fulfill a meaningful role as the leading reserve currency and
have proposed, at the last summit of the G-8 in July this year, that a
new, supra-national unitary currency be implemented world-wide, based
on a mixture of regional reserve currencies and considered to be
indispensable to overcome the abysmal crisis of the international
financial system.
The price that ultimately
had to be payed for the artificial
maintenance of the dollar hegemony on a global scale, has been the very
collapse of the international financial system, payed, as always and
naturally, by the workers of this world, who do not only see the future
of the present generation of workers compromised, but that of many
generations to come. Even the United Nations seem to have woken up,
given that the recently published annual report of the United Nations
Conference for Trade and Development (UNCTAD) of the year 2009,
suggests the replacement of the US dollar by a new, leading world
currency. (6) And while a chorus of ever stronger voices is beginning
to be heard, claiming for a new international financial order, our ALBA
member countries, confident in their own strength, will and
potentiality, are taking the first concrete steps in order to not only
detach themselves from the dollar hegemony but to establish the
parameters of a new kind of mutually beneficial and complementary trade
relations. It is in this context that we can better understand why
Latin America, at this moment and apart from its natural and energy
resources being coveted by the global power centers, adopts special
importance for the United States. A regional alliance like ALBA, with
its own currency for trade and financial transactions, constitutes
doubtlessly another nail in the coffin of dollar hegemony. This is at
least one of the reasons for which, in the near future, the government
of the United States will be pointing its guns against us, from
Colombian territory.
Crisis financiera
internacional y fin de la hegemonía del dólar: EE.UU. versus ALBA
Por: Jutta Schmitt
"La verdad ahora es esta: 'Él que imprima la moneda, determina las
reglas' -- por lo menos hasta próximo aviso. [...] El objetivo [...]:
forzar a países extranjeros a producir y a subsidiar a nuestro país
para que mantenga su superioridad militar y su control sobre las
imprentas de las monedas."
Ron Paul
En noviembre del año pasado, en la tercera Cumbre Extraordinaria de
Jefes de Estado y de Gobierno de la Alternativa Bolivariana para los
Pueblos de Nuestra América (ALBA) - Tratado de Comercio de Los Pueblos
(TCP), sus presidentes se reunieron con el propósito de hacer frente a
la crisis del sistema capitalista mundial. Considerando la volatilidad
del sistema financiero internacional, la inviabilidad del modelo
capitalista con su lógica destructora y la ausencia de propuestas y
medidas categóricas por parte de los grandes centros de poder globales
para enfrentar la crisis, los presidentes de los países miembros del
ALBA coincidieron en que el sistema internacional financiero no puede
ser refundado sino tiene que ser sustituido por otro, basado en la
solidaridad, estabilidad, sustentabilidad ecológica y en la justicia
social. Los jefes de Estado coincidieron en que los países de nuestra
región, si su respuesta a la crisis quiere ser eficaz, deben, en
definitiva, desprenderse y protegerse de las garras del capital
transnacional para así poder emprender un camino propio que no dependa
del erosionado sistema económico y financiero internacional, ni de la
hegemonía del dólar norteamericano artificialmente mantenida y
literalmente impuesta a la fuerza. Al efecto, se acordó crear una zona
monetaria latinoamericana que abarque en una primera fase a los países
miembros del ALBA y se especificó que la zona monetaria cuente con una
Cámara de Compensación de Pagos y con un Fondo de Estabilización y de
Reservas, financiado por los aportes de sus países miembros. En cuanto
a la política económica de la futura zona económica y monetaria
latinoamericana, se acordó la implementación de una política expansiva
de demanda (keynesiana), promoviendo inversiones para el desarrollo de
actividades económicas complementarias. (1)
Además, se estableció que la zona monetaria latinoamericana será regida
por su moneda propia, el 'Sistema Unitario de Compensación Regional' o
sucre, en función de independizarse de los mercados financieros
mundiales y de romper con la eterna dependencia del dólar como moneda
de intercambio, hasta ahora prevaleciente en el comercio y
negociaciones entre nuestros países latinoamericanos.(2) El inicio de
las operaciones financieras con la nueva moneda única se proyecta hacia
comienzos del próximo año y así es como se espera poder contar con este
instrumento a partir del 1ro de enero de 2010.(3) Con ello, se dará un
paso importante en el desmantelamiento necesario del actual sistema
económico-financiero internacional que sigue siendo caracterizado por
la hegemonía del dólar que posibilita a los EE.UU. importar bienes y
servicios desde todas partes del mundo, a cambio de un papel impreso de
color verde, prácticamente sin valor alguno.
El hecho de que el dólar hoy en día no tenga más valor real que el
valor del papel en el que está impreso, convierte la continuidad de su
hegemonía mundial en una cuestión de vida y muerte para los EE.UU. En
un comprimido recorrido histórico referente al auge y caída del dólar
estadounidense cabe recordar, que después de la Segunda Guerra Mundial
la economía estadounidense era la más poderosa y sólida del mundo.
Tenía enormes capacidades exportadoras y crediticias, lo cual le
permitió financiar la reconstrucción de Europa por medio del famoso
Plan Marshall, con miras a fomentar en Europa un futuro mercado para
sus propias exportaciones e inversiones, al igual que contener la
posible influencia de la Unión Soviética en Europa Occidental. El dólar
norteamericano se convirtió en la incontestada moneda líder mundial de
intercambio y de reserva, en el marco del sistema monetario
internacional de Bretton Woods bajo el patrón oro-divisas. El dólar
figuraba como moneda ancla, convertible en oro, y se estableció una
relación fija entre los valores de cambio de las distintas divisas
internacionales.
Sin embargo, el creciente déficit comercial de los
EE.UU., combinado con una política monetaria inflacionaria
específicamente durante la guerra de Vietnám, condujo al
quebrantamiento de la convertibilidad del dólar en oro, terminando con
su suspensión unilateral por parte de la administración Nixon en 1973.
Con ello, el sistema original de Bretton Woods había colapsado y el
dólar sufrió una disminución sensible como moneda de reserva
internacional, aunque no llegó a ser seriamente retado por otras
monedas para este momento, dada la ausencia de un competidor lo
suficientemente fuerte para ocupar esta posición. El colapso del
sistema de Bretton Woods condujo a la devaluación del dólar y causó una
disminución sensible en las ganancias petroleras de los países OPEP, ya
que su petróleo se cotizó en dólares. A esto se le sumó la guerra de
Jom Kippur en el Medio Oriente, y ambos factores condujeron entonces al
alza de los precios petroleros y la crisis petrolera de 1973/74, la
cual, a su vez, generó el fenómeno conocido como 'reciclaje de los
petro-dólares' que volvió a beneficiar la posición del dólar
norteamericano. En ausencia de una moneda de reserva internacional
alternativa o de la existencia de una cesta de divisas petroleras, el
dólar se 'ancló' al petróleo en una especie de estándar-petróleo lo que
le posibilitó perpetuarse, a pesar del enorme y creciente déficit de la
balanza de pagos estadounidense, como primera moneda de intercambio y
de reserva internacional y como única divisa petrolera, prácticamente
hasta nuestros días. Este panorama sólo había empezado a cambiar con el
auge, a comienzos del nuevo milenio, de una fuerte moneda competidora,
el euro, y el desplazamiento del centro económico mundial desde
Norteamérica hacia Europa y Asia. Ahora, con el colapso del sistema
financiero internacional y la crisis capitalista generalizada, el
panorama luce aun más preocupante para el dólar estadounidense.
Hasta ahora, dos factores principales han sostenido la posición
primordial del dólar en el mundo: Primero, los flujos de capital hacia
los EE.UU. por concepto de 'reinversión', es decir, la reinversión, en
los EE.UU., de los superávit comerciales obtenidos por parte de países
e inversionistas extranjeros por su intercambio con EE.UU. Segundo, la
facturación de las transacciones petroleras a escala mundial en dólares
americanos, siendo este factor de vital importancia para los EE.UU. por
garantizar la perpetuación de su moneda como la divisa de reserva
internacional más importante. Esto les permite continuar
'auto-endeudándose' en 'dólares propios' sobre cuya impresión tienen el
monopolio exclusivo. Esto quiere decir, que la Reserva Federal ha
imprimido e imprime dólares en la cantidad que considera necesaria y en
el momento cuando lo considere necesario, prácticamente sin
restricciones, aparte de la capacidad y voluntad de absorción a escala
mundial y la presión inflacionaria generada tanto a nivel doméstico
como internacional. A todas estas, los inmensos flujos de capital hacia
EE.UU. provenientes del exterior no sólo han financiado sus déficit
comerciales y de balanza de pagos, sino y perversamente también sus
gastos militares que son los más altos del planeta. Así es como por un
lado y ante los astronómicos costos de su gasto militar, la supremacía
militar estadounidense se derrumbaría como un castillo de naipes si el
dólar perdiera su rol como moneda líder de reserva internacional y
divisa petrolera; y por otro lado, es esta misma supremacía militar
mediante la cual los EE.UU. han estado defendiendo 'preventivamente' a
su moneda y su posición privilegiada sobre la que descansa cómodamente
toda la existencia deficitaria de los Estados Unidos de Norteamérica.
En palabras del congresista estadounidense, Ron Paul:
"Irónicamente, la superioridad del dólar depende de nuestra
fortaleza militar, y nuestra fortaleza militar depende del dólar.
Mientras que los recipientes extranjeros sigan aceptando nuestros
dólares por sus bienes reales y mientras que tengan la voluntad de
financiar nuestro consumo extravagante y nuestro militarismo, el
estatus quo continuará no importa cuán gigantesca será nuestra deuda
externa y cuán deficitario nuestro déficit de pagos." (4)
El precio que una parte del mundo ha tenido que pagar para que se
mantenga intacto este sistema perverso, han sido presiones, coerciones,
amenazas, guerras de agresión, golpes de Estado y operaciones de
desestabilización, especialmente en caso de aquellos países que, de una
forma u otra, han tratado de establecer otros marcos de referencia
financiera que conducirían a la ruptura de la hegemonía del dólar.
Recordemos el caso de Irak con la decisión de Saddam Hussein, en
noviembre del año 2000, de cambiar sus reservas de dólares
norteamericanos por euros y de facturar la venta del petróleo Iraquí en
euros; situación inmediatamente revertida por los invasores
estadounidenses una vez agredido y ocupado Irak en el 2003. Tengamos
presente el caso de las amenazas continuas contra la República Islámica
de Irán, país que en el año 2002 empezó a cambiar gran parte de sus
reservas internacionales denominadas en dólares por euros, y que lanzó
el proyecto de una bolsa petrolera Iraní a establecerse en la isla de
Kish, que facturaría la venta del petróleo iraní en euros y en otras
denominaciones con excepción del dólar; proyecto pospuesto varias veces
hasta que finalmente la Bolsa de Petróleo Iraní pudo abrir sus
operaciones en febrero del año pasado.(5) Está el notorio caso de
nuestra República Bolivariana de Venezuela, víctima de un golpe de
Estado en el año 2002 y desde entonces, de continuas operaciones de
desestabilización que están apuntando a una eventual intervención
militar directa por parte de las Fuerzas Armadas estadounidenses desde
territorio Colombiano; no sólo por las apetencias del gobierno de
EE.UU. de apoderarse de los recursos energéticos y naturales de
Venezuela y de la región, sino por que el presidente Hugo Chávez se ha
pronunciado a favor de facturar la venta del petróleo venezolano en
euros y en otras divisas, e inclusive ha intercambiado determinadas
cantidades de petróleo venezolano por su respectivo equivalente en
bienes y servicios con otros países de la región, obviando así el uso
del dólar estadounidense como moneda de intercambio. Rusia y China, que
dispone de las reservas internacionales más amplias del mundo
denominados en dólares, han considerado desde hace tiempo que el dólar
ya no cumple una función sana como moneda líder de reserva e
intercambio internacional, y han propuesto, en la última cumbre del G-8
del pasado mes de julio, la implementación de una nueva moneda única
supra-nacional, basada en una mezcla de monedas de reserva regionales,
considerada indispensable para superar la abismal crisis del sistema
financiero internacional.
El precio que, al fin y al cabo, hubo que pagar por el artificial
mantenimiento de la hegemonía del dólar a escala global, fue el colapso
mismo del sistema internacional financiero, precio pagado como siempre
y por supuesto, por los trabajadores del mundo, quienes ven
comprometido no sólo el futuro de la actual generación de trabajadores,
sino de muchas generaciones por venir. Hasta la propia ONU parece haber
despertado, ya que en el recientemente publicado reporte anual de la
Conferencia de las Naciones Unidas para el Comercio y Desarrollo
(UNCTAD) del año 2009, se sugiere la sustitución del dólar
estadounidense por una nueva moneda líder mundial.(6) Y mientras que se
empieza a escuchar un coro de voces cada vez más fuerte en reclamación
de un nuevo orden financiero internacional, nuestros países del ALBA,
confiando en su propia fuerza, voluntad y potencialidad, están
emprendiendo los primeros pasos concretos para no sólo desprenderse de
la hegemonía del dólar sino para establecer nuevos parámetros de
intercambio solidario y complementario. En este contexto se entiende
mejor, por qué América Latina en este momento, aparte de sus codiciados
recursos naturales y energéticos, adquiere especial importancia para
los EE.UU. Una alianza regional como el ALBA con su propia moneda de
intercambio y reserva, constituye sin duda otro clavo más en el ataúd
de la hegemonía del dólar. Esta es una de las razones por la que
próximamente el gobierno de los EE.UU. nos estará apuntando con sus
armas desde territorio Colombiano.
(4) Hon. Ron Paul of Texas Before the U.S. House of Representatives,
February 15, 2006;
http://www.house.gov/paul/congrec/congrec2006/cr021506.htm, mi
traducción del inglés.
Sunday, 6 September 2009 ***** Preparing the
ground for military aggression against
Venezuela and Latin America: The Big
Lie Strategy in operation
By Jutta Schmitt
All men can see these tactics
whereby I conquer, but what none can see is the strategy out of which
victory is evolved. Sun Tzu
It is surprising and dismaying
that
the world’s only superpower does not have a unified political-military
strategy and a multidimensional inter-agency organizational structure
to confront Chavez’s challenge. It is time to make substantive changes
to deal better with irregular contemporary conflict. Max G. Manwaring
In a
previous
article we showed the relation that exists between the US Defense
Department's most recent war doctrines and the 'Theory of the New
Wars', an ideological construction originating from the realm of
European academia developed at the beginning of the new millennium,
which is nothing else but the 'moral' justification of the aggression
wars and countless interferences all over the world of the European and
North American ruling classes, in pursuit of their respective
geo-strategic interests and global expansion. All the military
doctrines, security strategies and political ideologies emanating from
the global power centers have a common denominator: they are fully
inscribed in the justification and defense of an economic, political
and social order that is unsustainable and unjustifiable and the
continuance of which, over time, has turned into a human security and
survival problem on a planetary scale: capitalism. In order to justify
the unjustifiable, we see the recycling and massive dissemination of
myths that are profoundly rooted in the minds of millions of people who
have been victims, since centuries, of mind control which adopts the
most variegated forms. The main message that has been transmitted
through these myths, especially in the past two decades, is to equate
capitalism with the highest possible degree of human civilization,
rejecting any search for an alternative as 'obsolete', 'anachronistic'
and 'pre-modern'.
Who wants to break away from the
established parameters and dares to take different ways than those
prescribed by capitalist globalization has to confront an avalanche of
obstacles, threats, covert and overt interventions as well as campaigns
of defamation and ridicule. Any country or group of countries that does
not stick to the rules and interferes with the interests of the global
power centers, will be subjected to destabilization operations and is
then declared a 'failed State' or 'crisis region' that merits military
invasion in the name of the 'security' of the 'international democratic
community' (the West).
Given this background it is
troublesome to see how an encirclement is closing down on Venezuela and
also on the countries that constitute the Bolivarian Alliance for the
Peoples of Our America (ALBA), a proposal for Latin American
integration which does not respond to the interests of big
international capital. We are witnessing at this moment how the first
step of an escalation is being executed that may well lead to an
eventual military confrontation between the US-Colombian armed forces
and those of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, as well as other
countries of our region. It is sufficient to take a look at the
strategic locations of the seven North American military bases that
will be set up shortly on Colombian territory and at the full spectrum
of marine, air force, army and special forces components which will
operate from there, so as to realize that the projection of US military
force from Colombia exceeds by far the supposed 'war against drugs' and
clearly points towards control and vigilance of the whole of South
America. Given that Colombia shamefully and literally is transforming
itself into a US aircraft carrier for operations in Latin America,
within short notice we will directly share boundaries with a nation the
governments of which we can qualify, without hesitation, as the most
interventionist and criminal of the world. (In the words of George H.W.
Bush: If the North American people knew what we have done, they would
string us up from the lamp posts.) The reasons for the deployment of US
military forces on Colombian territory constitute a kind of
layered
rings of lies. The 'official' reason, the 'war against drugs', makes
for the necessary background from which the destabilization operations
against Venezuela and the ALBA countries will be staged, whereas the
unofficial reason is expressed in the US military's 'strategic
studies', in itself a set of clever distorsions to justify the one and
only REAL reason: the open military defense of North American interests
and of the continuity of the rules of the game of globalization in the
region.
In one of these strategic
studies
concerning US security and defense matters in Latin America, entitled:
'Latin America's New Security Reality: Irregular Assymetric Conflict
and Hugo Chávez'(1), Max G. Manwaring, professor for Military Strategy
at the U.S. Army War College, presents president Chávez of Venezuela as
an individual 'possessed' by Simon Bolívar's dream, pushing forward an
agenda of open confrontation with the objective to conquer
revolutionary power in the whole region, reason for which he is
considered to be a national security threat to North America. The
writing, published in August 2007, is a follow-up and deepening of an
earlier study by the same author from the year 2005, entitled:
Venezuela’s Hugo Chavez, Bolivarian Socialism, and Asymmetric Warfare,
made public in Venezuela at the time by Eva Golinger.(2) The reading is
sobering and gives us an idea of what will expect us if we do not
prepare a timely response that goes beyond some mere declarations of
protest on paper.
In his second writing about the
alleged threat posed by Chávez, Manwaring, in line with the Theory of
the New Wars and as if he wanted to discard from the beginning any
doubts about the peaceful and defensive character of the United States
of America, introduces his study with the categorical assertion that
"war no longer exists".(3) Precising this assertion and citing the
British military strategist General Rupert Smith from his writing: 'The
Utility of Force: The Art of War in the Modern World', the author tells
us that war as a confrontation between Nation States conceived of as a
massive military event which decides over international disputes, has
disappeared from the scene and has been replaced by 'wars among
peoples' that involve a kind of combatants who are not necessarily
soldiers or armies. (4)
Going into the detailed
description of
what he calls the 'hard facts' of this 'new paradigm of war', Manwaring
points out that today's' combatants, rather than armies, tend to be
"small groups of armed soldiers who are not necessarily uniformed, not
necessarily all male but also female, and not necessarily all adults
but also children."(5) Implicit in this statement lies a kind of
'technical-tactical' justification for the indiscriminate assassination
of civilians as effectively has happened in the first two aggression
wars of the 21st Century, undertaken by the government of the United
States of America against Afghanistan and Iraq, in which civilians have
been and continue to be massacred indiscriminately, with total impunity
and on a large scale in a manner that is reminiscent of an expedition
of collective punishment. The second 'hard fact' of this new paradigm
according to Manwaring/Smith postulates that these small groups of
combatants "tend to be interspersed among ordinary people and have no
permanent locations and no identity to differentiate them clearly from
the rest of a given civil population". (6) Implicit in this second
'hard fact' lies the technical-tactical justification of the deliberate
and indiscriminate bombing of civilian infrastructure like schools,
hospitals, water reservoirs, electricity plants, and even centers of
religious gatherings and densely populated poor quarters, as has
effectively happened in the same aggression wars we just mentioned.
In addition, the author points
out
that contemporary conflict is being conducted on four interrelated
levels, in a hierarchic top-down structure from the political,
strategic, operational to the tactical level, what seems at first sight
no different from the classical definition of war by Von Clausewitz
according to which war is the continuation of politics by other means.
However, and according to Manwaring/Smith, "contemporary conflict is
now lengthy and evolves through two or three or more noncoercive
organizational stages before serious coercion and confrontation come
into play", being the military operations "only one of the many
instruments of power employed by the combatants" (7). To "evolve
through two or three or more noncoercive organizational stages" before
entering direct confrontation could be translated, in the language of
the now extinct international law, as a crime against peace, as is the
planning, preparation and carrying out of an aggression war, such as
the government of the United States has waged against Afghanistan and
Iraq under the pretext of the 'war against terrorism', bidding farewell
to international law and laying down the de-facto basis for the
club-law or "New Wars" of the 21st Century. Certainly and in our
latitudes, the recent coup in Honduras, followed by the agreement of
the Colombian and North American governments on facilitating the use of
seven military bases for the US on Colombian territory, in addition to
the uncountable acts of open provocation against the governments of
Bolivia, Ecuador and Venezuela in the past months and years, give the
impression that we are witnessing "two or three or more noncoercive
organizational stages" before the government of the United States, in
alliance with the Colombian ruling class and other ruling elites in the
region that may offer themselves for the purpose, passes on to direct
military confrontation with one or more of our Latin American
countries.
Then, Manwaring proceeds to
point out
the 'transnational character' of modern conflict in which combatants
hide in border regions and other countries' territories from where they
stage their operations (which turns out to be quite a convenient 'hard
fact' if, from one of the global power centers like the United States
or Europe, one plays the card of destabilization and intervention of a
nation or region). The author concludes the review of the essential
elements of the new paradigm of war with the observation that the major
military and nonmilitary battles in modern conflict take place among
the people and if reported, become media events that may or may not
reflect the reality on the ground. Here, of course, one cannot but
think of the dictatorship of the international media that works hand in
hand with the US military-industrial complex and sells us information
that serves their strategical objectives. Finally, the author
emphasizes that all means employed in this kind of conflict are
"intended to capture the imaginations of the people and the will of
their leaders, thereby winning a trial of moral (not military)
strength" and that "the struggle is total, in that it gives the winner
absolute power to control or replace an entire existing government or
other symbol of power". (8) Apart from the concept and practice of
'regime change' pushed forward by the government of the United States
where it deems it necessary, and its battle to "win hearts and minds",
what comes to mind here is the concept and practice of the
'de-territorialization' of war, which, according to the Theory of the
New Wars and its postulate of 'military humanism', bestows on the
'civilized nations' (United States and Europe) not only the
self-proclaimed 'right', but even the obligation to intervene in
conflict zones 'for the sake of their populations' and 'in the name of
human rights', concept that goes hand in hand with that of a 'limited
sovereignty' and of 'military export of stability'.
After enumerating the 'hard
facts' we
just mentioned and commented, as essential characteristics of the new
paradigm of war according to a writing of British general Rupert Smith,
Manwaring, in a sudden and grotesque twist, ascribes these to president
Hugo Chávez as if he were the intellectual author of this paradigm,
besides other doctrines of war:
"These are
the principal
characteristics of what President Hugo Chavez of Venezuela now calls
“4th Generation War” (4GW), “Asymmetric War,” “Guerra de todo el pueblo
(“War of all the People,” “People’s War,” or “War Among Peoples”).
President Chavez asserts that this type of conflict has virtually
unlimited possibilities for a “Super Insurgency” against the United
States in the 21st century. It appears that Chavez’s revolutionary
(Bolivarian) ideas are developing and maturing, and that he and
Venezuela, at a minimum, are developing the conceptual and physical
capabilities to challenge the status quo in the Americas. This
challenge is straightforward and is being translated into a constant,
subtle, ambiguous struggle for power that is beginning to insinuate
itself into political life in much of the Western Hemisphere." (9) This maneuver clearly reveals
the
political-ideological, strategic-military background of the matrix of
public opinion generated on a global scale with the complicity of the
dictatorship of the international media, to justify an eventual
aggression war against the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, matrix
that has already been successfully tested in the case of Afghanistan
and Iraq: To present the country or government who will be attacked as
the aggressor, according to an old technique called Big Lie Strategy, a
term coined by Adolf Hitler in his autobiography, "Mein Kampf" (1925).
The term refers to a lie of such proportions that nobody ever would
suspect that anyone could be so imprudent as to distort the truth in
such an infamous manner:
"[...]in the
big lie there is
always a certain force of credibility; because the broad masses of a
nation are always more easily corrupted in the deeper strata of their
emotional nature than consciously or voluntarily; and thus in the
primitive simplicity of their minds they more readily fall victims to
the big lie than the small lie, since they themselves often tell small
lies in little matters but would be ashamed to resort to large-scale
falsehoods. It would never come into their heads to fabricate colossal
untruths, and they would not believe that others could have the
impudence to distort the truth so infamously. Even though the facts
which prove this to be so may be brought clearly to their minds, they
will still doubt and waver and will continue to think that there may be
some other explanation. For the grossly impudent lie always leaves
traces behind it, even after it has been nailed down, a fact which is
known to all expert liars in this world and to all who conspire
together in the art of lying." (10)
Considering the countless
assaults
against other governments and peoples of this world by the governments
of the United States in the past and present, it is troublesome when a
North American military strategist from the Strategic Studies Institute
of the US Army War College asserts that president Chávez is
"encouraging his Venezuelan and other followers to pursue a
confrontational, populist, and nationalistic agenda" by means of
implementing a "totalitarian democracy" (in reference to the direct,
participatory and protagonist democracy or 'government of, by and for
the people' as proposed by Lincoln), and accuses Chávez of wanting to
destroy North American hegemony by means of conducting an irregular
Fourth-Generation War “Super Insurgency”. (11) Such an assertion
announces bad things to come.
We don't want to conclude our
observations without mentioning some other pieces of lie and propaganda
like that of Ray Walser, Heritage Foundation's political analyst for
Latin America (12) who, in his "Four concerns about Venezuelan
president Hugo Chávez", holds that the latter, first, provides material
assistance and sanctuary to the FARC, second, allows individuals
operating for Hezbollah to work under Venezuelan diplomatic cover,
third, hinders anti-drug efforts in the region and fourth, denies
democratic opportunity to the opposition and opposes democratic
government,(13), lies that Walser recycles in his articles. Not to
mention the notorious Otto Reich, who recently shot his ammunition from
the pages of the Foreign Policy Magazine, in a master piece of
distortion and bellicose propaganda, entitled: 'Chávez’s Covert War:
Obama needs to call Venezuela’s president what he is: a terrorist and a
drug-trafficker', and in which Reich details what the title promises:
infamous falsehoods. In this piece of provocation, Reich portrays
president Chávez as a coward who only points his guns at his own,
defenseless citizens and who does not have the guts to fight openly in
the international arena:
"Chávez has
only ever pointed his
guns at defenseless Venezuelan civilians. Bullies like him do not
forewarn their intended victims. He does not fight openly, preferring
to intervene covertly -- either directly or through his regional
"anti-imperialist" alliance, the Bolivarian Alternative for the
Americas (ALBA), a collection of the highest-decibel, lowest performing
leaders in the region, from countries including Cuba, Bolivia,
Nicaragua, Ecuador, and, until June, Honduras." (14)
This is what best illustrates
the
objective of this co-ordinated avalanche of propaganda and provocation
that has been flowing from the pens of military strategists, political
analysts, ex State officials, columnists and journalists, all inscribed
in the Big Lie Strategy. It therefore is imperative for us to study,
know and debate this kind of propaganda, its historical
precedents,
its current context, the mental configuration of its promoters and its
effects on the population in order to counter it effectively.
Notes
(1) Max G. Manwaring, Latin
America's
New Security Reality: Irregular Assymetric Conflict and Hugo Chávez,
August 2007;
http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pubs/display.cfm?PubID=808 (2) Eva Golinger, El ejército de
los
Estados Unidos prepara doctrina para guerra asimétrica con Venezuela,
http://www.aporrea.org/imprime/a18136.html. (3) Manwaring op.cit. , pág. 1 (4) ibidem (5) ibidem (6) ibidem (7) ibidem , pág. 2 (8) ibidem (9) ibidem, pág. 3 (10) Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf,
chapter 10, cited in: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Lie (11) Manwaring, op. cit., pág. 3 (12) Washington's biggest and
most influential think tank and sponsor of the notorious Project for a
New American Century. (13) Ray Walser, Four Concerns
about
Venezuelan president Hugo Chávez, Heritage in Focus, video-clip, 21st
of July, 2008, http://www.heritage.org/Research/LatinAmerica/wm2592.cfm (14) Otto Reich, Chávez’s Covert
War:
Obama needs to call Venezuela’s president what he is: a terrorist and a
drug-trafficker.
http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2009/08/28/chavez_s_covert_war .
**** Fourth Generation
Warfare: Twisting our minds into total submission Fourth
Generation Warfare: Twisting
our minds into total submission by Jutta Schmitt
In the
context
of the threat and open provocation that constitutes, for Venezuela and
all of Latin America, the setting up of seven US military bases on
Colombian territory (in addition to three bases US forces are already
operating from), Venezuelan-American lawyer Eva Golinger warned in the
television programme La Hojilla on August 14th 2009, about a new war
doctrine recently released by the Pentagon and already being executed
here in Venezuela: Irregular Warfare. Considering the seriousness of
what Golinger brought forward in the programme mentioned, it is
pertinent to go more deeply into the matter in order to determine, how
this new doctrine is connected with other concepts and realities as for
example Fourth Generation Warfare as well as with ideological
constructions like the so called Theory of the New Wars. The latter is
a compound of arbitrary postulates originating from the academical
realm and sold to the public as a 'theory' which dates back to the
beginning of the new millennium and which has quickly found its way
into the sphere of the national security strategies of both, the United
States of America and the European Union. Once we've come to know the
interrelations and the general context into which the latest war
doctrines are inscribed we can better design our own defense strategies
and even think of outlining a categorical counter-offensive.
In an update for the doctrine of
Irregular Warfare released by the US Department of Defense in Dember
last year, we find the following definition of the concept:
„ ... to fight
unconventionally, such as by working with foreign security forces,
surrogates and indigenous resistance movements to shore up fragile
states, extend the reach of US forces into denied areas or battle
hostile regimes.“ (1)
The directive then proceeds to
explain
the reasons for the update, referring in the first place to the
emergence of irregular challenges that threaten the United States'
national security: „
The policy, a result of more
than a year of debate in the defense establishment, is part of a
broader overhaul of the US military's role as the threat of large-scale
combat against other nations' armies has waned and new dangers have
arisen from shadowy non-state actors, such as terrorists that target
civilian populations.“ (2)
The idea that 'classical' or
conventional wars between national states as experienced during the
Twentieth Century are a thing of the past and that the new wars of the
Twenty-First Century are of an essentially different character, is not
that new. Since quite a couple of years already the US- american and
european ruling classes, through their big means of mass communication,
have been suggesting to the world public opinion that the protagonists
of the wars of the Twenty-First Century are some 'bad guys' who operate
as 'non-state-actors', in other words, terrorists. We are told that the
wars of the Twenty-First Century are and will be inner-state armed
conflicts with endemic roots, that is, home-made. We are further told
that this type of conflicts are of an ethnical, religious or
political-ideological nature, promote terrorism, open the doors for
drug-trafficking and organized crime and thus erode any effort to
guarantee public order and internal security, reason for which they
necessarily lead to the so-called 'failed States'. 'Failed States', in
turn, endanger the peace of their surrounding region and thus
constitute a security challenge to the 'modern' or 'civilised'
countries, especially in our globalized world. The latter, for being
'superior' with regard to their values and economic and cultural
performance, are obligated to intervene in those 'chaotic regions' for
the sake of helping the populations there to recover or gain the firm
ground of 'western-democratic civilization'.
We have to have this
crystal-clear:
The spreading and penetration of this kind of ideas forms an
intrinsical part of another war doctrine, that of Fourth Generation
Warfare, the main theater of operation of which is the human mind of
both, the populations of the metropolitan countries as well as the
populations of those countries who do not pertain to this
auto-proclaimed 'western-democratic-civilization'. The main objective
of Fourth Generation Warfare fought on a world-wide scale is to bomb,
weaken and then mold the human psyche so that the peoples of this world
will succumb to the reality of globalized capitalism with its economic,
financial, ecological, social and moral crisis, with its perverse
concentration and monopolization of capital and power in the hands of
some small elites, and to make the peoples of the world accept the
eventual rise of a totalitarian, repressive and dictatorial system on a
global scale, which we have referred to in earlier writings as
'globofascism'. (3) Specifically, the goal of Fourth Generation Warfare
world-wide is to make the populations of the metropolitan countries
adopt, as their own, a supposed 'civilizing and pacifying mission',
based on the 'universal values of western democracy' which needs to be
extended all over the world; and to make the populations of the
'periphery' give up on resistance and accept the forceful imposition of
neoliberal, globalized capitalism and its rules of the game as the only
viable way for humanity, thus making them refrain from seeking to
establish alternative models, such as is the case here in our latitudes. The cannons in this war against
the
human mind and psyche are the mass media and the artillery is
'information'. Amongst the army that moves this lethal machine figure
journalists, columnists, scientists, military personnel, strategists,
politicians, advisors, State officials, burocrats, diplomats and
academics, all of them putting themselves knowingly or unknowingly at
the service of irrestrict capital accumulation on a global scale,
nevermind its nefarious consecuences, a thousand times proven, a
thousand times suffered. The serfdom of its followers increases even
more in times of a systemic crisis like the one we are experiencing at
this moment, which is of a magnitude that only uses to be 'resolved' by
means of a devastating world war.
So let us get acquainted with
one of
the fighters of the Fourth Generation Warfare, defender of globalized,
neoliberal capitalism and exponent of the Theory of the New Wars:
Thomas P. M. Barnett, US citizen, military analyst and geostrategist of
the Pentagon, who identifies in his book, 'The Pentagon's new map: War
and Peace in the Twenty-First Century' (4), a critical zone which hosts
internal conflicts, possible failed States and threats for
international security, and which he calls 'the non-integrated gap'.
This dangerous blackhole comprises Central America and the Carribean,
Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Guyana,
Suriname, French Guyana, the African Continent except South Africa,
Eastern Europe, the Middle East except Israel, Central Asia, Indochina,
Indonesia y Fillipines. The 'non-integrated gap' stands in a stark
contrast to what Barnett calls 'the functioning core of globalization',
that is: the United States of America, Canada, Mexico, Chile,
Argentina, Uruguay, Brazil, Western Europe, Russia, China, India, Japan
and Australia. What characterizes the 'non-integrated gap' according to
Barnett is its being composed of countries that are uncoupled from
globalization and its rules of the game, reason for which they
constitute a potential danger and a challenge for the 'functioning
core' from the point of view of Western security policy. Thus and in
the name of the security strategies of the 'functioning core of
globalization', the countries of the 'non-integrated gap' will have to
be forcefully integrated, that is, by military power. Behind this
cumbersome terminology hides, of course, a simple reality: The open
militarization of neoliberal capitalism and its unhindered expansion to
all corners of the planet. In the words of Barnett himself:
“ If a country is either
losing out to globalization or rejecting much of the content flows
associated with its advance, there is a far greater chance that the U.
S. will end up sending forces at some point. Conversely, if a country
is largely functioning within globalization, we tend not to have to
send our forces there to restore order or eradicate threats.“ (5) The frontiers between the
'non-integrated gap' and the 'functioning core of globalization' are,
according to Barnett, in any case (and conveniently) dynamic, and it
may occur that a sector of the 'non-integrated gap' ends up forming
part of the 'functioning core', as has effectively happened with
Eastern Europe, which has been 'integrated' (or rather absorbed), after
the neoliberal restructuring of its economies, into the European Union
in the context of the Union's expansion towards the east
('Osterweiterung'). This occured in 2004, the year when Barnett
published his book and when ten new member states, eight from Eastern
Europe, joined the European Union, followed by another two in 2007.
However, Barnett does not exclude the possibility either, that
reversely, part of the 'functioning core' may decay and come to form
part of the 'gap'. Barnett's European equivalent is
Robert Cooper, a British diplomat, strategist, European National
Security Strategy advisor in 2003, main advisor of Javier Solana, the
High Representative of Foreign Policy and Common Security of the
European Union, and author of the book 'The Breaking of Nations: Order
and Chaos in the Twenty-First Century'. (6) Cooper, like his American
counterpart, divides the world in two: a 'postmodern' world, conceived
as a voluntary association of States like the European Union and
characterized by its security, transparency and the interdependence of
its member States; and a 'premodern' world, conceived as a world of
'failed States', incapable of maintaining their monopoly of force and
of defending their citizens from the actions of irregular groups,
destabilizing factors or organized crime. Like a postmodern
Macchiavelli, Robert Cooper openly and unscrupulously recommends the
double standard as the method of international relations in our world
of two worlds of the Twenty-First Century:
„ The challenge to the
postmodern world is to get used to the idea of double standards. Among
ourselves, we operate on the basis of laws and open cooperative
security. But when dealing with more old-fashioned kinds of states
outside the postmodern continent of Europe, we need to revert to the
rougher methods of an earlier era - force, pre-emptive attack,
deception, whatever is necessary to deal with those who still live in
the nineteenth century world of every state for itself. Among
ourselves, we keep the law but when we are operating in the jungle, we
must also use the laws of the jungle. In the prolonged period of peace
in Europe, there has been a temptation to neglect our defences, both
physical and psychological. This represents one of the great dangers of
the postmodern state.“ (7) Let us take note then, that the
United
States of America as well as Europe see us, the peoples who conform
Humanity of the South and who have been victims of their criminal
assaults ever since the times of colonization, as a 'black hole',
'non-integrated gap', 'premodern world' or 'jungle'! Let us also take
note, that the conflicts in our regions, products of our historic
realities in which each stage since colonization has been marked by
impositions and interventions from the capitalist power centers and
often artificially stoked from outside, are 'home-made', tribal in
nature, inter-ethnical, anachronical, just typical of the jungle! Once
more, each and every word of Western propaganda transpires hateful
racism and supremacism. However, there is an interesting detail when
Cooper reveals the class character of the 'new' security and defense
doctrines, underlining that it is essential for the elites of the
'postmodern world' to establish a set of beliefs in a 'civilizing
mission' to convince their own population and others of their noble
intentions:
„To persuade your own people
to risk their lives in chaotic foreign countries requires the belief
that you are spreading some gospel, pursuing a mission of civilization
or (in the worst case) establishing the natural superiority of your
race. It requires confidence and conviction. And then, if you are to be
successful, you have to persuade the people that you are subjugating
that you are doing this in their own interests and in the service of a
higher good; most people are subjugated by ideas rather than by force.“
(8) In their need to control the
minds of
their populations with this kind of 'new myths' within the context of
Fourth Generation Warfare and to achieve that they affirm the ever more
openly military character of the European Union, the European dominant
classes can count on various erudites, true masters in hiding the cold
interests of economic-imperial expansion of the European elites behind
a mask of morality, humanism and the virtues of a guardian angel.
Amongst them are Mary Kaldor, of British nationality, director of the
Center for Studies of Global Governance at the London School of
Economics and Political Science, member, at the time, of the Study
Group of European Security Capacities in the service of Javier Solana
and author of the book: 'New and old Wars. Organized Violence in a
Global Era'. (9) Kaldor arguments in the same line as Cooper when she,
too, states that we live in a world of two worlds: the world of 'modern
cosmopolitanism' which is a world in peace, based on the values of
inclusion, universalism and multiculturalism, and the world of
'premodern particularism', which is a world characterized by the
implosion of those States which have been unable to cope with
globalization and whose autonomy, monopoly of violence and capacity to
defend their citizens has been broken, giving way to violence and the
collapse of democracy. Thus, Kaldor pleads for the launching of a
'global civilizing process' in order to contain the threat that the
premodern world poses for global security.
The german sociologist Ulrich
Beck, in
the same order of ideas, claims an 'European Cosmopolitan Empire', a
kind of guardian angel who, in order to confront the dangers emanating
from the premodern world, must impose by force the values of the
postmodern world there, in the name of the unprotected citizens of the
premodern world:
„A new policy is emerging, a
postnational policy of military humanism, that is, the implementation
of a transnational military power that has the goal of reinforcing the
respect for human rights beyond national boundaries. [...] Thus, war
becomes the continuation of ethics by other means.“ (10)
Finally, Herfried Muenkler,
professor
for Political Theory of the Humboldt University in Berlin and author of
the book 'The New Wars' (11), defines these as characterized by
'de-nationalization' and 'asymmetricalization'. The latter concept
refers to the unique, military supremacy of the United States of
America in today's world, that can only be confronted, by any given
adversary, by means of asymmetric strategies like terrorism or guerilla
warfare. 'De-nationalization' refers to the decomposition of State
authority which occurs, according to Muenkler, in the first place in
countries of the so called 'Third World' and which is the result of the
failure of modern State building processes there, with the blame lying
on their inmoral and corrupt elites. Thus, Muenkler conceives the new
wars as state-disintegration-wars. The State's loss of its monopoly of
violence gives way to the emergence of violent private groups who
finance themselves through smuggling and drug-trafficking with
destabilizing consequences for politics and economics of the region,
reason for which the West must intervene to avoid a major encroachment.
In the words of Muenkler:
„International terrorism has its
refuge in the first place there where State structures have collapsed
in the course of an inter-societal war. No region exists today in the
globalized world in which the collapse of State structures would not
have serious consequences for global, political and economic
structures, reason for which, from the point of view of security
policy, the need for military export of stability emerges. The West has
to be prepared to assume the armed pacification of entire regions.“ (12)
'Postmodern world' versus
'jungle
world', 'military humanism', 'military export of stability', 'armed
pacification' – these are the keywords of an ample literature of which
we have barely presented some fragmentary extracts, the postulates of
which have penetrated, like bullets, the brains of millions of people
in Europe and North America. These ideological constructions,
disseminated in the realm of academia, in books and strategic documents
of security and defense, in the press and on TV, represent nothing less
than the 'moral' legitimation of the 21st century's aggression wars,
ignoring any notion of national sovereignty, territorial integrity,
self-determination of the peoples and the principle of non-intervention
for considering them archaic, premodern concepts, proper of the jungle.
The military export of stability in recent times to what was once
Yugoslavia, to Afghanistan, Irak and Palestine, gives us an idea of
what is awaiting us with the planned export of stability to Our
America, Latin America, with the setting up of seven or more US
military bases on Colombian territory. With this general context in
mind,
having shown the connections between Fourth Generation Warfare and
ideological constructions like the Theory of the New Wars, and taking
into account their consequences for the thinking and attitude of
millions of people in the metropolitan countries, let us get back once
more to the concept of Irregular Warfare as introduced and explained by
Eva Golinger in the programme 'La Hojilla' on the 14th of August. Under
the premise that we have entered (or never left) an era of perpetual
warfare, the new doctrine of Irregular Warfare comes to be the core of
the United States' military mission of the 21st Century. Its goals are
to materialize the stategic, mid- and long term objectives by means of
unconventional methods, working on the adversary's physical and
psychological erosion in the context of a protracted low-intensity-war
which is being waged on a regional and global scale. All this in order
to gain control over territories, natural and energy resources,
geostrategic corridors and entire populations. Irregular warfare is
about what the US Department of Defense, in correspondence with the
concepts sketched above, calls 'stability operations', when in reality
and reversely, the objective of these operations is the continuous and
systematic destabilization of governments who are perceived as hostile
or non-aligned with the interests of the US, or who simply defend their
national sovereignty, territorial integrity and self-determination –
'premodern', 'achaic' ideas and concepts, according to the global
elites.
Therefore, it comes as no
surprise
that the already mentioned North American strategist Thomas P. M.
Barnett, in an article published on the 10th of August, titled 'The New
Rules: The Evolution of the U.S. Military', states in response to the
„predictable condemnations from anti-American elements in South
America“, that the installation of new US military bases in Colombia
„simply reflects the increasing granularity of our efforts at promoting
regional stability.“ (13)
'Stability operations' – there
is
certainly something striking about this concept: If there is anything
the global ruling classes have tried to stabilize without success, it's
this very system which is unstable in itself: capitalism. There is no
capitalism without crisis, there is no crisis without capitalism. The
capitalist economic crisis is being periodically generated by the
internal contradictions of the system, and wars are its periodical
'solutions'. Economic crisis and its solution, war, are the two sides
of capitalist instability. However, when capital and labour forces are
being destroyed by wars the system gets a new lease of life as long as
the 'reconstruction' lasts, and this is wherein its perverse stability
and stable perversion lies.
Only with a social class
consciousness
and a consequently internationalist, antiimperialist and anticapitalist
vision can we emerge without harm from the bombardments of mental
manipulation and draw up a strategy that does not end up delivering us
into the arms of the monster we are fighting.
Notes (1) New Irregular Warfare
Directive,
in: Small Wars Journal,
http://smallwarsjournal.com/blog/2008/12/new-irregular-warfare-directiv/ (2) ibidem (3) Jutta Schmitt, On the
objective
function of terrorism and racism in the era of globalization (Acerca de
la función objetiva del Terrorismo y Racismo en la Era de la
Globalización), in: Franz J. T. Lee & Jutta Schmitt, Venezuela: La
Revolución Bolivariana pasando el Rubicón, Editorial IMMECA, Mérida
2006. (4) Thomas P. M. Barnett, The
Pentagon's new Map: War and Peace in the Twenty-First Century, G.P.
Putnam's Sons / Penguin Group Inc., New York 2004 (5) Thomas P. M. Barnett, The
Pentagon's New Map,
http://www.esquire.com/ESQ0303-MAR_WARPRIMER?click=main_sr (6) Robert Cooper, The Breaking
of Nations: Order and Chaos in the Twenty-First Century, Atlantic
Books, London 2003 (7) Robert Cooper, The new
liberal imperialism, http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2002/apr/07/1 (8) Cited in John Keane, Remarks
on
Robert Cooper's Towards a European Army?,
http://www.johnkeane.net/word_docs/robert%20cooper.doc. (9) Mary Kaldor, New and old
Wars. Organized Violence in a Global Era; Stanford University Press,
Stanford-California 1999. (10) Ulrich Beck, Ueber den
postnationalen Krieg, en: Blaetter fuer Deutsche und Internationale
Politik, Nr. 8 / 1999, S. 987,
(http://www.blaetter.de/artikel.php?pr=467), my translation from German. (11) Herfried Muenkler, Die
neuen Kriege, Rowohlt Verlag, Reinbek 2002 (12) ibidem, pág. 221, my
translation from German. (13) Thomas P. M. Barnett, The
New
Rules: The Evolution of the U.S. Military ,
http://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/article.aspx?id=4181.
**** Preparando el terreno
para la agresión militar contra Venezuela y América Latina: La
estrategia de la gran mentira en operación
Por: Jutta Schmitt
Todos los hombres pueden ver la táctica con la que realizo mis
conquistas... Pero son pocos los que son capaces de ver la estrategia
que posibilita la victoria.
Sun Tzu
"Es sorprendente y preocupante que la única super potencia
del mundo no tiene ni una estrategia político-militar unificada
ni una estructura de organización multidimensional entre agencias
para confrontar la amenaza que representa Chávez. Es tiempo que
se hagan cambios sustanciales para tratar de una manera más
adecuada a los conflictos irregulares contemporáneos."
Max G. Manwaring
En un artículo anterior hemos demostrado el vínculo existente
entre
las más recientes doctrinas de guerra del Departamento de Defensa
norteamericano y la 'Teoría de las Nuevas Guerras', una construcción
ideológica proveniente del ámbito académico europeo que data del
comienzo del nuevo milenio y que brinda nada menos que la justificación
'moral' para las guerras de agresión y las infinidades de
interferencias de las clases dominantes europeas y norteamericanas en
el mundo, en resguardo de sus respectivos intereses geo-estratégicos y
de expansión global. Todas estas doctrinas militares, estrategias de
seguridad e ideologías políticas emanadas de los centros globales del
poder tienen un denominador común: se enmarcan plenamente en la
justificación y defensa de un orden económico, político y social
insostenible e injustificable, cuya permanencia en el tiempo se ha
convertido en un problema de seguridad y supervivencia humana a escala
planetaria: el capitalismo. Para justificar lo injustificable, se
recurre al reciclaje y la difusión masiva de unos mitos que están
profundamente arraigados en miles de millones de mentes de los
habitantes de este planeta, víctimas desde hace siglos de un control
mental que adopta las más variadas formas. El mensaje principal que se
ha estado transmitiendo a través de estos mitos, especialmente en las
últimas dos décadas, es equiparar al capitalismo con el más alto grado
de civilización humana posible, y relegar cualquier alternativa al
ámbito de lo 'obsoleto', 'anacrónico' y 'premoderno'.
Quien quiere salirse de los parámetros establecidos y se atreve a
emprender caminos diferentes a los prescritos por la globalización
capitalista tiene que enfrentarse a una avalancha de obstáculos,
amenazas, intervenciones veladas y abiertas y campañas de difamación,
ridiculización y calumnia. Cualquier país, bloque de países o región
del planeta que no se está ateniendo a las 'reglas del juego' e
interfiere con los intereses de los centros de poder globales, es
declarado 'Estado fallido' - previas operaciones de desestabilización
-, y corre el riesgo de ser intervenido militarmente en nombre de la
'seguridad' de la 'comunidad democrática internacional'
(Occidente).
En este sentido es preocupante ver cómo se está cerrando un cerco sobre
Venezuela y también sobre los países de la Alianza Bolivariana Para los
Pueblos de NuestraAmérica, una propuesta de integración latinoamericana
que no responde a los intereses del gran capital internacional. Vemos
cómo se está ejecutando en este momento el primer paso de una escalada
que puede desembocar en una eventual confrontación militar entre las
FF.AA. colombo-estadounidenses y las FF.AA. de la República Bolivariana
de Venezuela y otros países de nuestra región. Basta con una mirada a
las ubicaciones estratégicas de las siete bases norteamericanas a
establecerse próximamente en territorio Colombiano y al espectro
completo de los componentes de la marina, fuerza aérea, ejército y
fuerzas especiales que operarán desde ahí, para darnos cuenta que la
proyección de la fuerza militar estadounidense desde Colombia excede
por mucho la supuesta 'guerra contra las drogas' y apunta claramente
hacia el control y vigilancia de Sudamérica entera. Dado que Colombia
se está transformando, lamentable e literalmente, en el portaaviones de
EE.UU. para sus operaciones en América Latina, dentro de poco tiempo
estaremos entonces colindando directamente con una nación a cuyos
gobiernos no podemos dudar en calificar como los más intervencionistas
y criminales del mundo. (En palabras de George H.W. Bush o
'Bush-padre': "Si el pueblo norteamericano supiera lo que hemos hecho,
nos colgarían de los postes de luz.”) En una especie de anillos de
mentiras superpuestas, se han estado tejiendo las 'razones' por el
despliegue de las fuerzas militares yanquis en territorio colombiano.
La razón 'oficial', la 'guerra contra el narcotráfico', brinda el
necesario fondo teatral sobre el que se montarán las operaciones de
desestabilización en contra de Venezuela y los países del ALBA mientras
que la razón no-oficial se expresa en los 'estudios estratégicos' del
ámbito militar estadounidense, a su vez un conjunto de tergiversaciones
para justificar la razón real: la abierta defensa militar de los
intereses norteamericanos y de la continuidad de las reglas de juego de
la globalización en la región.
Así es como en uno de los estudios estratégicos sobre seguridad y
defensa estadounidense en América Latina del año 2007, titulado 'La
Nueva Realidad de Seguridad de América Latina: Conflicto Irregular
Asimétrico y Hugo Chávez' (1) de Max G. Manwaring, director del
Instituto de Estudios Estratégicos del US Army War College, se le
atribuye al presidente Chávez en persona, como un individuo 'poseído'
del sueño de Bolívar, el estar ejecutando una agenda de confrontación
abierta con fines de conquistar el poder revolucionario en toda la
región, por lo que se le considera una amenaza para la seguridad
nacional norteamericana. En este escrito, publicado en Agosto del año
2007, el autor emprende un seguimiento y una profundización de una
anterior publicación suya del año 2005, titulada 'Hugo Chávez de
Venezuela, Socialismo Bolivariano y Guerra Asimétrica', dado a conocer
en Venezuela para este momento por Eva Golinger. (2) La lectura es
desengañadora y nos da una idea qué es lo que nos espera si no
preparamos a tiempo una respuesta que vaya más allá de unas meras
declaraciones de protesta en papel.
En este segundo escrito (2007) sobre la 'amenaza que representa
Chávez', Manwaring, en concordancia con la Teoría de las Nuevas Guerras
y como si quisiera descartar de antemano cualquier duda acerca del
carácter pacífico y defensivo de los Estados Unidos de Norteamérica,
introduce su estudio con la aseveración categórica de que "la guerra ya
no existe" (War no longer exists). (3) Precisando esta aseveración y
citando otro estratega militar, el General británico Rupert Smith, el
autor nos dice que la guerra como confrontación entre Estados con sus
batallas entre ejércitos y como evento masivo bélico que decide las
disputas en materia de asuntos internacionales, ha desaparecido y ha
sido reemplazado por las 'guerras entre pueblos' que involucran
combatientes que no necesariamente son soldados o ejércitos. (4)
Entrando en descripción detallada de lo que llama los 'hechos duros' de
este 'nuevo paradigma de la guerra', Manwaring señala que los
combatientes de hoy, más que ejércitos, son "pequeños grupos de
soldados armados, no necesariamente uniformados, no necesariamente sólo
hombres sino también mujeres, y no necesariamente sólo adultos sino
también niños."(5) Conste, que aquí yace implícito una especie de
justificación 'técnico-táctica' para el asesinato indiscriminado de
civiles tal y como ha sucedido efectivamente en las primeras dos
guerras de agresión del siglo XXI, emprendidas por el gobierno de los
EE.UU. contra Afganistán e Irak, en las que se masacraron y se siguen
masacrando impunemente y a gran escala a ciudadanos civiles, a manera
de expedición de castigo colectivo. El segundo 'hecho duro' de este
'nuevo paradigma de la guerra' como explicado por Manwaring/Smith,
postula que estos pequeños grupos de combatientes se suelen dispersar
entre el pueblo común y corriente y no tener ni identificación clara ni
ubicación permanente para poder diferenciarlos inequívocamente del
resto de la población civil (6). Conste, que en este segundo 'hecho
duro' yace implícito la justificación técnico-táctica del bombardeo
deliberado e indiscriminado de la infraestructura civil como escuelas,
hospitales, acueductos, plantas de electricidad, hasta centros de
reunión religiosos y barrios populares, tal y como efectivamente ha
sucedido en estas mismas guerras de agresión estadounidenses que
acabamos de mencionar.
El autor señala además, que los conflictos contemporáneos son
conducidos en cuatro niveles interrelacionados en orden
jerárquico-descendiente, desde el político, estratégico, operacional y
táctico, lo que parece a primera vista nada más que la confirmación de
la definición clásica de Von Clausewitz, según la cual la guerra es la
continuación de la política con otros medios. Sin embargo y según
Manwaring/Smith, los conflictos de hoy se prolongan en el tiempo y
evolucionan a través de dos o tres o más etapas no-coercitivas y de
organización, antes de entrar en confrontación directa con el
adversario, siendo la opción militar sólo uno de varios instrumentos de
fuerza empleados por los combatientes. (7) "Evolucionar a través de dos
o tres o más etapas no-coercitivas y de organización antes de entrar en
una confrontación directa" pudiera ser traducido, en el idioma de lo
que alguna vez fue el hoy extinto derecho internacional, como atentado
y crimen contra la Paz, esto es, la planificación, preparación, inicio
y conducción de una guerra de agresión, tal y como el gobierno de los
EE.UU. la efectuó en contra de Afganistán e Irak so pretexto de la
'guerra contra el terrorismo', dando al traste con el derecho
internacional y asentando las bases, de facto, para las 'Nuevas Guerras
del siglo XXI'. Ciertamente y en nuestras latitudes, el reciente golpe
militar en Honduras, seguido por el acuerdo de los gobiernos colombiano
y norteamericano sobre la instalación de las siete bases militares en
territorio colombiano, aunado a los innumerables actos de provocación
abierta en contra de los gobiernos boliviano, ecuatoriano y venezolano
en los últimos meses y años, hacen pensar que estamos presenciando "dos
o tres o más etapas no-coercitivas y de organización" antes de que el
gobierno de los EE.UU., en alianza con la oligarquía Colombiana y demás
oligarquías de la región que se prestan a colaborar, pase a la
confrontación militar directa con uno o más de los países
nuestroamericanos.
Luego, Manwaring procede a señalar el carácter 'transnacional' de los
conflictos modernos en los que los combatientes se esconden en regiones
fronterizas y en territorios de países terceros desde los cuales montan
sus operaciones (lo que resulta ser un 'hecho duro' muy conveniente si
se juega, desde un centro de poder como EE.UU., a la desestabilización
e intervención de un país o una región). El recorrido por los elementos
centrales del 'nuevo paradigma de la guerra' lo concluye el autor con
la observación de que las grandes batallas militares y no-militares
ahora se efectúan entre "la gente" y tienden a convertirse en eventos
mediáticos que pueden -o no - reflejar la realidad. (8) (Aquí por
supuesto no se puede sino pensar en la dictadura mediática
internacional que trabaja de la mano del complejo industrial-militar
estadounidense y que nos vende la información según sirve a sus fines
estratégicos.) Termina diciendo el autor que todos los medios empleados
en estos conflictos apuntan a capturar la imaginación de gente propia y
ajena para ganar la batalla moral en una lucha de carácter 'total', que
otorgará al ganador el poder total para controlar o reemplazar
gobiernos enteros u otros símbolos de poder. (9)
Aparte del concepto y la práctica del 'regime change' (cambio de
régimen) efectuado por EE.UU. en todo el mundo y su batalla por 'ganar
corazones y mentes', lo que viene a la mente aquí es el concepto y la
práctica de la 'ex-territorialización' de la guerra que, según la
Teoría de las Nuevas Guerras y su postulado del 'humanismo militar',
les otorga a las 'naciones civilizadas' (EE.UU. y Europa) no sólo el
auto proclamado derecho, sino el deber de intervenir en las zonas de
conflicto, por el 'bien de sus poblaciones' y en nombre de los
'derechos humanos', concepción que va de la mano con los
conceptos de
una 'soberanía limitada' y 'exportación militar de
estabilidad'.
Ahora bien, después de enumerar los puntos que acabamos de mencionar y
comentar, como características esenciales del nuevo paradigma de la
guerra según el general Rupert Smith, Manwaring, en un giro súbito y
grotesco, presenta a Hugo Chávez como autor intelectual de este mismo
paradigma, además de otras doctrinas de guerra:
"Estas son las principales características de lo que
el presidente
Hugo Chávez de Venezuela ahora llama la Guerra de Cuarta Generación,
Guerra Asimétrica, Guerra de todo el Pueblo. El presidente Chávez
asevera que este tipo de conflicto tiene virtualmente posibilidades
ilimitadas para [orquestar] una Super-Insurgencia en contra de los
EE.UU en el siglo XXI. Parece que las ideas revolucionarias
(bolivarianas) de Chávez se están desarrollando y madurando, y que él y
Venezuela, cuando menos, están desarrollando las capacidades
conceptuales y físicas para retar el estatus quo en Las Américas. Esta
amenaza es directa y se traduce en una lucha constante, sutil y ambigua
por el poder que esta empezando a congraciarse con la vida política en
gran parte del Hemisferio Occidental." (9)
En esta maniobra se revela claramente el fondo político-ideológico,
estratégico-militar de la matriz de opinión generada a escala mundial
con la complicidad de la dictadura mediática internacional, para
justificar una eventual guerra de agresión en contra de la República
Bolivariana de Venezuela, matriz que ya ha sido puesta a prueba de
manera exitosa en los casos de Afganistán e Irak: Presentar a la parte
que será agredida como agresor, de acuerdo a una vieja técnica de
propaganda, llamada 'estrategia de la gran mentira', termino acuñado
por Adolf Hitler en su autobiografía, 'Mein Kampf' (1925). La expresión
se refiere a una mentira de una magnitud tan grande que nadie jamás
sospecharía que alguien pudiera ser tan imprudente como para
distorsionar la verdad de una manera tan infame:
"[...] La gran mentira siempre tiene una cierta
fuerza de
credibilidad, ya que la gran masa de una nación es más fácilmente
corruptible en las esferas profundas de su naturaleza emocional que
consciente o voluntariamente. Por ende y en la simplicidad primitiva de
su mente, es más susceptible a ser víctima de una gran mentira que de
una mentira pequeña, ya que todos mienten a menudos en asuntos
pequeños, mientras que se sentirían apenados a recurrir a falsedades de
gran escala. No se les cruzaría jamás por la cabeza fabricar falsedades
colosales y no creerían que otros podrían tener la imprudencia de
distorsionar la verdad tan infamemente. Aun cuando se les explicaría
claramente aquellos hechos que dan prueba de que esto es así, todavía
dudarán y hesitarán y continuarán pensando que podría haber otra
explicación. La mentira absolutamente imprudente siempre deja una
huella, aun cuando haya sido puesta al descubierto; esto es un hecho
conocido entre todos los expertos mentirosos de este mundo y entre
todos que conspiran juntos en el arte de mentir." (10)
Considerando los innumerables atropellos cometidos en contra de los
pueblos del mundo por parte de los gobiernos de los EE.UU. en el pasado
y presente, es preocupante cuando un estratega militar norteamericano,
director del Instituto de Estudios Estratégicos del US Army War
College, asevera que el presidente Chavez está 'alentando a sus
seguidores dentro y fuera de Venezuela a perseguir una agenda de
confrontación, populista y nacionalista' mediante la imposición de lo
que Manwaring llama 'democracia totalitaria' en alusión a la democracia
directa, participativa y protagónica (aquél concepto propuesto por
Lincoln del gobierno de, por y para el pueblo), y a derrotar la
hegemonía norteamericana mediante la conducción de una
'Super-Insurgencia irregular de Cuarta Generación' (11). Este río trae
piedras.
No queremos concluir estas observaciones sin antes mencionar algunas
otras piezas de mentira y propaganda como la de Ray Walser, analista
político para América Latina de la Heritage Foundation (12), quien
asevera en sus 'Cuatro preocupaciones sobre el presidente venezolano
Hugo Chávez' que este, primero, brinda asistencia material y santuario
a las FARC, segundo, permite a individuos pertenecientes a Hezbollah
operar bajo cobertura diplomática venezolana, tercero, obstaculiza
esfuerzos anti-narcóticos en la región y cuarto, se opone a formas de
gobierno democráticas, (13) falsedades que Walser recicla en sus
artículos. Ni mencionar al notorio Otto Reich, quien recientemente ha
disparado su artillería desde las páginas del Foreign Policy Magazine
con una pieza magistral de distorsión y propaganda belicista, titulada:
'La guerra cubierta de Chávez. Obama debe llamar al presidente
venezolano por su nombre: terrorista y traficante de drogas', en la que
Reich disemina lo que el título promete: falsedades infames. En este
artículo de provocación, Reich retrata al presidente Chávez como un
cobarde quien sólo se atreve a apuntar sus armas hacia sus propios
ciudadanos indefensos y quien, en materia internacional, no tiene el
coraje de entrar abiertamente en combate:
„ Matones como Chávez no alertan a las víctimas que
intentan
asaltar. Chávez no combate abiertamente, sino prefiere intervenir de
manera cubierta, o bien directamente, o bien mediante su alianza
regional 'anti-imperialista', la Alternativa Bolivariana para Las
Américas (ALBA), una colección de líderes del más alto volumen con el
rendimiento más bajo de la región, [provenientes] de países que
incluyen a Cuba, Bolivia, Nicaragua, Ecuador y, hasta junio pasado,
Honduras.“ (14)
Con ello queda más que claro el objetivo de esta avalancha concertada
de propaganda y provocación que se vuelca sobre nosotros desde
las
plumas de estrategas militares, analistas políticos, ex funcionarios de
Estado, columnistas y periodistas, enmarcada en la estrategia de la
gran mentira. Estudiar, conocer, difundir y discutir este tipo de
propaganda, sus antecedentes históricos, su contexto actual, la
'configuración mental' de sus promotores y los efectos de la propaganda
sobre la población, es un paso necesario para poder contrarrestarlo con
efectividad.
Notas
(1) Max G. Manwaring, Latin America's New Security Reality: Irregular
Assymetric Conflict and Hugo Chávez, August 2007;
http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pubs/display.cfm?PubID=808
(2) Eva Golinger, El ejército de los Estados Unidos prepara doctrina
para guerra asimétrica con Venezuela,
http://www.aporrea.org/imprime/a18136.html.
(3) Manwaring op.cit. , pág. 1
(4) ibidem
(5) ibidem
(6) ibidem
(7) ibidem , pág. 2
(8) ibidem
(9) ibidem, pág. 3
(10) Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf, capítulo 10, citado en:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Lie
(11) Manwaring, op. Cit., pág. 3
(12) El 'think tank' conservador más grande e influyente en Washington,
padrocinador del notorio Proyecto para un nuevo Siglo Americano.
(13) Ray Walser, Four Concerns about Venezuelan president Hugo Chávez,
Heritage in Focus, video-clip del 21 de Julio de 2008,
http://www.heritage.org/Research/LatinAmerica/wm2592.cfm
(14) Otto Reich, Chávez’s Covert War: Obama needs to call Venezuela’s
president what he is: a terrorist and a drug-trafficker.
http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2009/08/28/chavez_s_covert_war
Publicado por Jutta Schmitt en 07:25 PM
29/08/09
**** Guerra de Cuarta
Generación:
Trastornando nuestras mentes hacia la sumisión total
Por: Jutta Schmitt
En el contexto de la amenaza y provocación abierta que constituye para
Venezuela y toda América Latina el establecimiento de siete bases
militares estadounidenses en territorio Colombiano (aunado a las tres
ya utilizadas por las FF.AA. estadounidenses), la abogada
venezolana-estadounidense Eva Golinger advirtió, en el programa de la
Hojilla del 14 de Agosto de 2009, sobre una nueva doctrina de guerra
emandada recientemente del Pentágono y que se ya se estaría ejecutando
en Venezuela: la Guerra Irregular, Irregular Warfare o IW por sus
siglas en inglés. Por lo grave de lo expuesto por Eva Golinger en el
programa mencionado cabe adentrarnos un poco más al fondo del tema para
determinar cómo y de qué manera esta nueva doctrina está vinculada con
otros conceptos y realidades como lo son la Guerra de Cuarta Generación
y con construccciones ideológicas como lo es la llamada Teoría de las
Nuevas Guerras. Esta última es un conjunto de postulados arbitrarios
proveniente del ámbito académico y vendido al público como 'teoría' que
data del comienzo de este milenio y se ha proyectado rápidamente hacia
la esfera de las estrategias de seguridad nacional, tanto de los EE.UU.
como también de la Unión Europea. Una vez que conozcamos los vínculos y
con ello el contexto general en el que se enmarcan la más recientes
doctrinas de guerra, podremos trazar mejor nuestras propias estrategias
de defensa y hasta pensar en el diseño de una contra-ofensiva
contundente.
En una actualización de la Directiva para la Guerra Irregular, emanada
del Departamento de Defensa de EE.UU. que data de diciembre del año
pasado, encontramos la siguiente definición del concepto:
„ .. llevar a cabo un combate de manera no convencional, tal como
trabajando con fuerzas de seguridad extranjeras, suplentes y
movimientos de resistencia indígena para apoyar a Estados frágiles,
extender el rango de las fuerzas estadounidenses hacia áreas denegadas
o combatir regimenes hostiles.“ (1)
Luego, la misma directiva procede a explicar el por qué de su
actualización, refiriéndose en primer lugar a la aparición de 'retos
irregulares' que amenazan la seguridad nacional de los EE.UU.:
„La directiva, siendo resultado de más de un año de debate en el
Establishment de Defensa, forma parte de una transformación más amplia
del papel de las FF.AA. estadounidenses en la medida en que la amenaza
de un combate de gran escala en contra de las FF.AA. de otras naciones
ha estado desvaneciendo, y nuevos peligros han surgido por parte de
sombríos actores no-estadales, tales como terroristas que tienen en la
mira a las poblaciones civiles.“ (2)
La idea de que las guerras 'clásicas' o convencionales entre los
Estados nacionales tal y como se experimentaron a lo largo del siglo XX
son cosas del pasado, y que las nuevas guerras del siglo XXI tienen un
carácter esencialmente diferente, no es tan nueva. Hace ya algunos años
que las clases dominantes us-americanas y europeas, a través de sus
grandes medios de comunicación de masas, han estado sugiriendo a la
opinión pública mundial que las guerras del siglo XXI tienen como
protagonistas unos 'chicos malos' que operan como 'actores
no-estadales', leáse terroristas. Nos dicen, que las guerras del siglo
XXI son y serán conflictos armados 'intra-estadales' cuyas causas son
endógenas, quiere decir, hechas en casa. Nos dicen además, que este
tipo de conflictos que pueden ser de naturaleza étnica, religiosa o
político-ideológica, fomentan el terrorismo, abren la puerta al
narcotráfico y al crimen organizado y erosionan cualquier esfuerzo de
garantizar el orden público y la seguridad interna por lo que conducen
necesariamente a los llamados 'Estados 'fracasados'. Los 'Estados
fracasados' a su vez ponen en peligro la paz de su región circundante y
constituyen de esta manera y sobre todo en un mundo globalizado, un
reto de seguridad para los países modernos o 'civilizados'. Estos
últimos, por ser 'superiores' en sus valores y desempeños económicos y
culturales, están obligados a intervenir en aquellas 'regiones
caóticas' para 'ayudar' a sus poblaciones a recobrar o ganar el piso
firme de la 'civilización democrático-occidental'.
Hay que tenerlo claro: La difusión y penetración de esta especie de
ideas forma parte intrínseca de otra doctrina de guerra, que es la de
la Guerra de Cuarta Generación cuyo principal teatro de operaciones es
la mente humana tanto de las poblaciones de los países metropolitanos,
como las de aquellos países que no forman parte de esta autoproclamada
'civilización democrático-occidental'. El objetivo principal de la
Guerra de Cuarta Generación librada a nivel global, es bombardear,
debilitar y luego moldear la psiquis para que los pueblos del mundo
sucumban ante la realidad del capitalismo globalizado con su crisis
económica-financiera, ecológica, social y moral, con su concentración y
monopolización perversa de capital y poder en las manos de unas
pequeñas elites, y que acepten el surgimiento de un sistema
totalitario-represivo-dictatorial a nivel mundial, al que nos hemos
referido en escritos anteriores como 'globofascismo'. (3)
Específicamente, el objetivo de la Guerra de Cuarta Generación a escala
global es lograr que las poblaciones de los países metropolitanos
asuman como suya una supuesta 'misión civilizadora y pacificadora'
basada en los 'valores universales de la democracia occidental' que
debe extenderse por todo el mundo; y que los pueblos de la 'perifería'
se rindan y acepten la imposición forzosa del capitalismo neoliberal
globalizado y sus 'reglas de juego' como único camino viable para la
humanidad y, por ende, desistan de buscar establecer alternativas tal y
como sucede aquí en nuestras latitudes.
Los cañones en esta guerra contra la mente y psiquis humana son los
medios de comunicación y la artillería, la 'información'. Entre el
ejército que moviliza esta maquinaria letal figuran periodistas,
columnistas, científicos, militares, estrategas, políticos, asesores,
altos funcionarios de Estado, burócratas, diplomáticos y académicos,
todos instrumentalizándose consciente o inconscientemente al servicio
de la acumulación irrestricta del capital a escala global, no importa
sus consecuencias nefastas, mil veces demostradas, mil veces padecidas.
La servidumbre de los secuaces se acentúa aun más en tiempos de crisis
sistémica como la que estamos viviendo en este momento, de una magnitud
que solo suele 'resolverse' por medio de una devastadora guerra mundial.
Conozcamos pues a uno de los guerreros de la Guerra de Cuarta
Generación, defensor del capitalismo neoliberal globalizado y expositor
de la Teoría de las Nuevas Guerras: Thomas P. M. Barnett,
norteamericano, analista militar y geo-estratega del Pentágono, quien
identifica en su libro 'El nuevo mapa del Pentágono: Guerra y Paz en el
siglo XXI' (4) una zona crítica, albergadora de conflictos internos,
posibles estados fracasados y amenazas para la seguridad internacional,
zona a la que denomina 'la brecha no-integrada'. Este agujero peligroso
abarca a Centroamérica y El Caribe, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Perú,
Bolivia, Paraguay, Guyana, Suriname, Guyana Francesa, el continente
Africano con excepción de Sudáfrica, Europa Oriental, Medio Oriente con
excepción de Israel, Asia Central, Indochina, Indonesia y Filipinas. La
'brecha no-integrada' contrasta con lo que Barnett llama el 'núcleo
operante de la globalización', a saber: EE.UU., Canada, México, Chile,
Argentina, Uruguay, Brazil, Europa Occidental, Rusia, China, India,
Japón y Australia. Lo característico de la 'brecha no-integrada' según
Barnett es, que está compuesta por países desenganchados de la
globalización y de sus reglas del juego, por lo que constituyen una
potencial amenaza y un reto para el 'núcleo operante' desde el punto de
vista de la política de seguridad de Occidente. Por ende y en nombre de
la seguridad estratégica del 'núcleo operante de la globalización' hay
que integrar, por la fuerza militar, a los países de la 'brecha
no-integrada'. Detrás de toda esta terminología aparatosa se esconde,
por supuesto, una realidad sencilla: Se trata de la militarización
abierta del capitalismo neoliberal globalizado y su irrestricta
expansión hacia todos los rincones del planeta. En palabras del mismo
Barnett:
“Si un país pierde ante la globalización o si rechaza buena parte de
los beneficios que esta ofrece, existe una probabilidad
considerablemente alta de que en algún momento los EE.UU. enviarán sus
tropas a intervenir en este país.“ (5)
Las fronteras entre la 'brecha no-integrada' y el 'núcleo operante de
la globalización' según Barnett son, convenientemente y en todo caso
fluídas, y puede que un sector de la 'brecha no-integrada' termine
formando parte del 'núcleo operante' tal y como efectivamente sucedió
con Europa Oriental, que fue en buena parte 'integrada' (o más bien
absorbida), previa reestructuración neoliberal de sus economías, a la
Unión Europea en el marco de su 'Osterweiterung' (expansión hacia el
este) del año 2004, año en que Barnett publicó su libro y en que diez
nuevos países, entre ellos ocho de la Europa Oriental, se adjuntaron a
la Unión Europea, seguidos por otros dos en el 2007. De la misma
manera, Barnett tampoco excluye la posibilidad de que, al revés, una
parte del 'núcleo operante' decaiga y pase a formar parte del agujero.
El equivalente europeo de Thomas P. M. Barnett es Robert Cooper,
diplomático británico, estratega, asesor de la Estrategia de Seguridad
Europea del año 2003, consejero principal del Alto Representante de la
Política Exterior y de Seguridad Común de la Unión Europea, Javier
Solana, y autor del libro: 'La quiebra de naciones: Orden y Caos en el
Siglo XXI. (6) Cooper, al igual que su par estadounidense, divide el
mundo en dos: un mundo 'postmoderno,' concebido como asociación
voluntaria de Estados tipo Unión Europea y caracterizado por su
seguridad, transparencia e interdependencia de sus Estados miembros; y
un mundo 'premoderno', concebido como un mundo de Estados fallidos,
incapaces de mantener su monopolio de la fuerza y de defender a sus
ciudadanos ante la actuación de grupos irregulares, factores de
desestabilización o el crimen organizado. Cual Maquiavelo postmoderno,
Robert Cooper recomienda abiertamente y sin escrúpulos el doble
estándar como método de las relaciones internacionales en el 'mundo de
los dos mundos' del siglo XXI:
„El reto para el mundo postmoderno es acostumbrarnos a la idea del
doble estándar. Entre nosotros operamos con base en las leyes y en una
seguridad de carácter abierto y cooperativo. Pero si tratamos con
Estados más anticuados, ubicados más allá del continente postmoderno
europeo, necesitamos recurrir a los métodos un tanto más rudos que
datan de una época anterior: la fuerza, el ataque preventivo, el
engaño, lo que sea necesario para tratar con aquellos quienes todavía
viven en el mundo del siglo diecinueve en el que cada Estado se
centraba en sí mismo. Entre nosotros, nos atenemos a las leyes pero
cuando estamos operando en la jungla, consecuentemente tenemos que
atenernos a las leyes de la jungla. En el período prolongado de paz que
ha vivido Europa, ha habido una tentación de descuidar nuestras
defensas, tanto físicas como psicológicas. Esto representa uno de los
grandes peligros para el Estado postmoderno.“ (7)
Conste entonces, que tanto desde Norteamérica como desde Europa nos ven
a los pueblos que conformamos 'Humania del Sur' y quienes hemos sido
víctimas de sus criminales atropellos desde tiempos de la colonización,
como 'agujero', 'brecha no integrada', 'mundo premoderno' o 'jungla'.
Conste también, que ahora los conflictos en nuestras regiones,
productos de nuestras realidades históricas en las que cada étapa desde
la colonización ha sido marcada por imposiciones e intervenciones desde
los centros capitalistas de poder y muchas veces artificialmente
fomentados desde afuera, son conflictos 'hechos en casa', 'tribales',
'inter-étnicos', 'anacrónicos', 'propios de la jungla' pues. Una vez
más transpira por cada palabra de la propaganda Occidental el odioso
racismo y supremacismo. Hay un detalle interesante, sin embargo, y es
cuando Cooper devela el carácter de clase de las 'nuevas' doctrinas de
seguridad y defensa al subrayar lo esencial que es para el 'mundo
postmoderno' establecer la creencia en una 'misión civilizadora' para
convencer a propios y ajenos de sus nobles intenciones:
„Convencer a nuestra propia población a que arriesgue su vida en países
caóticos en el exterior requiere que la gente cree que estamos
difundiendo un evangelio, prosiguiendo una misión civilizadora o en el
peor de los casos, postulando la superioridad natural de nuestra raza.
Esto requiere autoestima y convicción. Luego y si queremos ser
exitosos, tenemos que convencer a aquellos a los que subyugamos que lo
hacemos en virtud de sus mejores intereses y al servicio de un fin
trascendental.“ (8)
En su necesidad de controlar las mentes de sus poblaciones con este
tipo de 'nuevos mitos' en el marco de la Guerra de Cuarta Generación y
para lograr que estas afirmen el carácter cada vez más abiertamente
militarista de la Unión Europea, las clases dominantes europeas cuentan
con varios eruditos, verdaderos maestros en ocultar los fríos intereses
de expansión económica imperial de las élites europeas detrás de una
máscara de pinta moral, humanista y de ángel guardián. Entre ellos
figuran Mary Kaldor, profesora británica y directora del Centro de
Estudios de Gobernabilidad Global en la London School of Economics and
Political Science, miembro, en su momento, del Grupo de Estudios de
Capacidades para la Seguridad Europea al servicio de Javier Solana, y
además autora del libro: 'Guerras nuevas y viejas. Violencia organizada
en la Era de la Globalización'. (9) Kaldor argumenta en la misma línea
de Cooper, cuando dice que vivimos en un mundo de dos mundos, el del
'cosmopolitanismo moderno', un mundo de paz con sus valores de
inclusión, universalismo y multiculturalismo, versus el 'particularismo
anticuado, premoderno', un mundo caracterizado por la implosión de
aquellos Estados que no han podido con la globalización y cuya
autonomía, monopolio de violencia y capacidad de defender a sus
ciudadanos ha sido quebrantada, cediendo el espacio a la violencia y al
colapso de la democracia. Por ende, Kaldor aboga por el lanzamiento de
un 'proceso global civilizatorio' para hacer frente a la amenaza
proveniente del mundo premoderno.
El sociólogo alemán Ulrich Beck, en el mismo orden de ideas, clama por
un 'Imperio Cosmopolitano Europeo', una especie de ángel guardián el
que, para hacer frente a las amenazas del mundo premoderno, debe
imponer en este por la fuerza los valores del mundo postmoderno, en
nombre del bien de los 'premodernos':
„Surge una política novedosa, postnacional del humanismo militar, esto
es, la implementación de un poder militar transnacional que tiene como
objetivo hacer valer el respeto a los derechos humanos más allá de las
fronteras nacionales. [...] Así es como la guerra se convierte en la
continuación de la moral por otros medios.“ (10)
Finalmente, Herfried Muenkler, profesor de Teoría Política en la
Universidad Humboldt de Berlin y autor del libro: 'Las Nuevas Guerras'
(11), define estas como caracterizadas por la 'des-estatización' y la
'asimetrización'. Esta última se refiere a la singular supremacía
militar de los EE.UU. en el mundo a la que cualquier adversario sólo
puede responder con estrategias asimétricas como el terrorismo o la
guerra de guerrillas, según Muenkler. La 'desestatización' o
descomposición de la autoridad estadal ocurre, según Muenkler, en
primer lugar en los países del 'Tercer Mundo' y se debe al fracaso de
los procesos de construcción de Estados modernos por culpa de sus
élites inmorales y corruptas. De esta manera, Muenkler concibe las
nuevas guerras como guerras de desintegración de Estados. La pérdida
del monopolio de la violencia estadal da lugar al surgimiento de grupos
violentos privados, que se financian por el contrabando y el
narcotráfico, con consecuencias desestabilizadoras politicas y
económicas para la región, por lo que Occidente deber intervenir para
evitar desbordamientos mayores. En palabras de Muenkler:
„El terrorismo internacional tiene su refugio en primer lugar allá
donde las estructuras estadales han colapsado en el transcurso de una
guerra intra-societal. En el mundo globalizado no existe ya región
ninguna en la que el colapso de las estructuras estadales no tenga
consecuencias graves para las estructuras polítias y económicas
globales, por lo que surge, desde el punto de vista de la política de
seguridad, la necesidad por la exportación militar de estabilidad.
Occidente tiene que ser preparado para asumir la pacificación armada de
regiones enteras.“ (12)
'Mundo postmoderno' versus 'mundo de la jungla', 'humanismo militar',
'exportación militar de estabilidad', 'pacificación armada' – esto son
las palabras claves de una amplia literatura de la que apenas hemos
presentado algunos mínimos extractos y cuyos postulados han penetrado,
cual balas a quemarropa, los cerebros de millones de personas en Europa
y Norteamérica. Estas edificaciones ideológicas, difundidas en
academia, en libros, en la prensa y en documentos estratégicos de
seguridad y defensa, conforman nada menos que la legitimación 'moral'
de las guerras de agresión en el siglo XXI, desconociendo cualquier
noción de soberanía nacional, integridad territorial, autodeterminación
de los pueblos y principio de no-intervención por considerarlas
nociones arcáicas, premodernas y propias de la jungla. La 'exportación
militar de estabilidad' en tiempos recientes hacia la ex-República
Yugoslava, Afganistán, Irak y Palestina nos dan una muestra que es lo
que nos espera con la proyectada exportación de estabilidad hacia
NuestraAmérica con el establecimiento de las bases militares
estadounidenses en territorio Colombiano.
Con este marco general en mente, habiendo mostrado el vínculo entre
Guerra de Cuarta Generación y construcciones ideológicas como la Teoría
de las Nuevas Guerras y tomando en consideración sus concecuencias para
el pensamiento y las actitudes de millones de personas en los países
metropolitanos, regresamos nuevamente al concepto de la Guerra
Irregular, introducido y explicado por Eva Golinger en el programa La
Hojilla del 14 de Agosto. Bajo la premisa de que hayamos entrado (o
nunca salido) de una era de guerra perpétua, la nueva doctrina de la
Guerra Irregular pasa a ser el núcleo de la 'misión militar'
norteamericana en el siglo XXI. Sus fines son lograr cumplir con los
objetivos estratégicos trazados a mediano y largo plazo mediante
métodos no convencionales, jugando al desgaste físico y psicológico del
adversario en el marco de una guerra de 'baja intensidad' prolongada en
el tiempo que se libra a nivel regional y global. Todo ello para
obtener control sobre territorios, recursos naturales y energéticos,
corredores geoestratégicos y poblaciones. Se trata de realizar lo que
el Departamento de Defensa de EE.UU. denomina en concordancia con los
conceptos arriba esbozados, 'operaciones de estabilidad', cuando en
realidad el objetivo de dichas operaciones es la desestabilización
continua y sistemática de gobiernos adversos o no-alineados con los
intereses de los EE.UU., o gobiernos quienes simplemente defienden su
soberanía nacional, integridad territorial y autodeterminación – ideas
y nociones 'premodernas', 'arcáicas', según las élites globales.
No sorpende entonces que el ya mencionado estratega norteamericano
Thomas P. M. Barnett, en un artículo del pasado 10 de Agosto, titulado:
'Las Nuevas Reglas: La Evolución de las Fuerzas Armadas
Estadounidenses', opina, en respuesta a las „condenas predecibles de
elementos anti-americanos en Suramérica“, que la instalacion de nuevas
bases militares en Colombia se debe a un noble 'esfuerzo por promover
la estabilidad regional'. (13)
'Operaciones de estabilidad' – por cierto, hay algo acertado en este
concepto: Si algo han tratado de estabiliziar sin éxito las clases
dominantes globales, es este mismo sistema que es inestable por
esencia: el capitalismo. No existe capitalismo sin crisis, no existe
crisis sin capitalismo. La crisis económica capitalista es producida
periódicamente por las contradicciones internas del sistema, siendo las
guerras sus 'soluciones' periódicas. Crisis económcia y su solución, la
guerra, son los dos lados de la inestabilidad capitalista. Sin embargo
y en cuanto se destruya capital y fuerzas de trabajo en el marco de una
guerra, se le da un nuevo aire al sistema mientras que dure la
'reconstrucción' y en ello consiste su perversa estabilidad y
perversión estable.
Solo con una conciencia social de clase y una visión consecuentemente
internacionalista, antiimperialista y anticapitalista podemos salir
ilesos de los bombardeos de manipulación mental y trazar una estrategia
que no termine entregándonos a los brazos del monstruo que estamos
combatiendo.
Notas
(1) New Irregular Warfare Directive, en: Small Wars Journal,
http://smallwarsjournal.com/blog/2008/12/new-irregular-warfare-directiv/
; mi traducción del inglés.
(2) ibidem, mi traducción del inglés.
(3) Jutta Schmitt, Acerca de la función objetiva del Terrorismo y
Racismo en la Era de la Globalicazión, en: Franz J. T. Lee & Jutta
Schmitt, Venezuela: La Revolución Bolivariana pasando el Rubicón,
Editorial IMMECA, Mérida 2006.
(4) Thomas P. M. Barnett, The Pentagon's new Map: War and Peace in the
Twenty-First Century, G.P. Putnam's Sons / Penguin Group Inc., New York
2004
(5) Thomas P. M. Barnett, The Pentagon's New Map,
http://www.esquire.com/ESQ0303-MAR_WARPRIMER?click=main_sr ; mi
traducción del inglés.
(6) Robert Cooper, The Breaking of Nations: Order and Chaos in the
Twenty-First Century, Atlantic Books, London 2003
(7) Robert Cooper, The new liberal imperialism,
http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2002/apr/07/1; mi traducción del inglés.
(8) Citado en: John Keane, Remarks on Robert Cooper's Towards a
European Army?, http://www.johnkeane.net/word_docs/robert%20cooper.doc.
; mi traducción del inglés.
(9) Mary Kaldor, New and old Wars. Organized Violence in a Global Era;
Stanford University Press, Stanford-California 1999.
(10) Ulrich Beck, Ueber den postnationalen Krieg, en: Blaetter fuer
Deutsche und Internationale Politik, Nr. 8 / 1999, S. 987,
(http://www.blaetter.de/artikel.php?pr=467) mi traducción del alemán.
(11) Herfried Muenkler, Die neuen Kriege, Rowohlt Verlag, Reinbek 2002
(12) ibidem, pág. 221, mi traducción del alemán.
(13) Thomas P. M. Barnett, The New Rules: The Evolution of the U.S.
Military, http://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/article.aspx?id=4181
Publicado por Jutta Schmitt en 01:44 PM
Etiquetas: Bases militares en Colombia, Guerra de Cuarta Generación,
Guerra Irregular, Resistencia Latinoamericana, Teoría de las Nuevas
Guerras
Suscribirse a: Entradas (Atom)
Kwame Nkrumah: La Cara Oscura de la Revolución Bolivariana
Por: Franz
J. T. Lee (Documento) Por
cierto, América Latina y Venezuela tienen que crear su propia práxis y
teoría revolucionaria, realizar su propio socialismo, sin embargo, no
podemos permitir, que por ignorancia se repiten los errores fatales que
ocurrieron en otras partes en cuanto a unidad e integración se refiere,
por ejemplo, en los continentes africano y asiático ya casi medio siglo
atrás.
Nuestras
relaciones Bolivarianas actuales con Africa no deberían ser solamente
de carácter diplomático, económico o comercial; por causa de nuestro
propio avance emancipatorio, tienen que ser todo en uno, históricas,
sociales, globales y emancipatorias. Sólo de esta manera no hará falta
de ir hacia el Norte, el Este o el Oeste, sino derecho hacia delante.
Tenemos
que conocer y aprender de las experiencias revolucionarias del pasado,
para que la Revolución Bolivariana sea capaz de trascender las
vendettas parroquiales y miopes tanto como las actuales piedras de
tranca imperialistas y así inventar nuevas armas sociales para
defendernos contra los feroces ataques yanqui actuales, el Leviatán
inescrupuloso y mentiroso de los medios masivos, para superar al globo
fascismo, es decir, para ser invencibles y para introducir nuestro
propio socialismo, junto con aquellos de otros, especialmente de
Africa, a escala mundial.
Esto es de
qué se trata la profundización de la revolución, la revolución
socialista, la revolución permanente.
Por
todas estas razones hay que estudiar concientemente la totalidad de las
relaciones y eventos trans-históricos iguales, desiguales y combinados
a nivel mundial. Hay que aprender y estudiar las lecciones de las
revoluciones africanas del pasado y del presente, que involucran la
integración continental y la unión solidaria, para enriquecer nuestros
propios esfuerzos emancipatorios latinoamericanos.
Aquí
y dentro de este breve comentario no podemos profundizar mucho las
acciones y los pensamientos diarios de los diferentes líderes
revolucionarios entre los titanes africanos, por ejemplo de Kwame
Nkrumah o de Patrice Lumumba, tampoco podemos tratar con muchos
detalles a sus numerosas obras científicas y filosóficas.
Solamente
podemos seguir la pista para animar a nuestros camaradas Bolivarianos
de estudiar otros idiomas, comprender otras visiones, aprender de la
experiencia liberatoria africana, pero también para evitar los
resultados catastróficos de la desunión continental, la colaboración
imperialista y la traición criminal de las más profundas aspiraciones,
sentimientos y deseos de millones de personas oprimidas y explotadas.
Las paralelas africanas – dentro del tiempo y espacio histórico
desigual – a las actuales situaciones en América Latina y al Presidente
Chávez, son fascinantes y son tan obvias, así que sólo de vez en cuando
haremos algunas referencias específicas.
Todo lo
que decimos aquí, concierne directamente a la Revolución Bolivariana.
Al
lado de Patrice Lumumba, Frantz Omar Fanon, Nelson Mandela y otros,
Kwame Nkrumah, uno de los más grandes líderes y revolucionarios
africanos de la época de la “descolonización” y de la introducción de
la neo-colonización europea y norteamericana, nació en Nicroful, una
colonia británica en la Costa de Oro, el 21 de septiembre de 1909.
Originalmente se llamó Francis Nwia-Kofi, sólo luego, en 1945 cambió su
identidad a Kwame Nkrumah. En 1935 se fue para EE.UU. como profesor
amaestrado; hasta 1945 se dedicó allá mismo a los estudios
universitarios.
En
1945, junto con George Padmore y otros futuros líderes africanos,
participó en la organización del Sexto Congreso Pan-Africano en
Manchester, Inglaterra. Dos años después regresó a la Costa de Oro (hoy
Ghana) y en 1949 fundó la Convención Partido del Pueblo (CPP). En 1950,
durante un grave estallido social que inundó al país, fue llevado
preso. En las elecciones de 1951 ganó su partido político, el CPP, y
Nkrumah fue liberado, para formar el nuevo gobierno que llevó a Ghana a
la independencia en 1957. Igual a Chávez, Nkrumah fue encarcelado,
porque defendió los derechos de las masas coloniales empobrecidas, y
luego llegó al poder, como resultado de elecciones democráticas.
En
1960 Ghana se declaró República y dos años después, en agosto de 1962,
en Kulungugu, en la Región Norteña, Nkrumah ya se había convertido en
blanco de los “escuadrones de la muerte” británicos e internacionales
de la CIA; por suerte se salvó del asesinato.
Lo
qué toca a nosotros especialmente aquí en América Latina y Venezuela,
es la política radical pan-africana de Nkrumah, que está explicada en
su obra, “Africa tiene que unirse”, la fundación de la “Organización de
la Unión Africana” (OAU) en 1963, e igual a Fidel Castro, su apoyo
incondicional a todos los movimientos revolucionarios y anti-coloniales
de Africa y de otras partes.
Sin
embargo, precisamente como nuestro Presidente Hugo Chávez, experimentó
las mismas campañas odiosas de difamación a nivel tanto nacional como
internacional y los ataques viciosos de los medios masivos globales.
Además, durante un viaje oficial a Beijing, China y a Hanoi, Vietnam
del Norte, fue tumbado a través de un golpe militar, que fue organizado
por el Servicio Secreto Británico y apoyado por sus sanguinarios
aliados globales en 1966.
Pasó
el resto de su vida en el exilio en Guinea, albergado por su amigo
político, el Presidente Sekou Touré; allá en Conakry continuó
escribiendo sus libros. El 27 de abril de 1972, durante un tratamiento
médico contra el cáncer, murió en Bucarest, Rumania. Sin embargo, hasta
el día de hoy, su sueño diurno revolucionario sobre unos “Estados
Unidos de Africa” liberados sigue vivo.
Entre sus
escritos políticos revolucionarios más famosos, que comentaremos más
adelante, se encuentran los siguientes:
1947:
"Towards Colonial Freedom" (Hacia la Libertad Colonial)
1957:
"African Socialism Revisited" (Volver al Socialismo Africano)
1961: "I
speak of Freedom" (Hablo de Libertad)
1963:
"Africa Must Unite" (Africa tiene que unirse)
1964:
"Consciencism: Philosophy of the African Revolution" (El Consciencismo:
La Filosofía de la Revolución Africana)
1965:
"Neo-Colonialism, the Last Stage of Imperialism" (El Neo-Colonialismo,
la última fase del Imperialismo)
1968:
"Handbook for Revolutionary Warfare" (Manual para la Guerra
Revolucionaria)
1970:
"Class Struggle in Africa" (Lucha de Clases en Africa)
Aquí
solamente comentaremos de manera general sobre esos trabajos teóricos y
los serios intentos de convertirlos en práxis revolucionaria en Africa.
Inmediatamente
cuando fue obvio lo qué iba a hacer, los grandes medios masivos
nacionales e internacionales difamaron a Nkrumah como un peligroso
“dictador”, un “tirano” sanguinario que sufrió de un “culto de
personalidad” psicopatológico, que levantó estatuas de su imagen en
todo Ghana y que formó un Estado comunista unipartidista y
no-democrático.
Bueno,
esto no es nada nuevo, nosotros los Venezolanos y los Cubanos ya
sabemos todo esto, especialmente las campañas de desinformación, las
mentiras maestras, el gran negocio y las conspiraciones
desestabilizadoras.
Para
ser breve, para llevar a cabo la Libertad Continental, enfatizó la
Unión Africana, que describió en su obra “Africa tiene que unirse” y
junto con otros, en 1963, fundó la “Organización de la Unión Africana”,
incluyendo su Comité de Liberación. Contra qué se dirigió la
integración africana y la lucha de clases lo explicó detalladamente en
su “Neocolonialismo, la última fase del Imperialismo”.
En
este trabajo manifestó que el neocolonialismo moderno – hoy día también
llamado “neoliberalismo salvaje” – con su democracia e independencia
política chimbas, representa el imperialismo tardío en su fase final y
probablemente más peligrosa. La esencia social del neocolonialismo es
que en realidad el Estado – decorado con todo tipo de joyas
democráticas, con soberanía nacional e internacional y supuestamente
políticamente independiente – es ideológicamente dirigido por completo
desde afuera, desde los países metropolitanos.
Concluyó
que también es la peor forma del imperialismo mismo; para aquellos
quienes lo practican, significa poder global sin responsabilidad y para
aquellos que lo sufren, significa explotación sin fin y sin remedio.
(Véase: Kwame Nkrumah: Neo-colonialism, the Last Stage of Imperialism,
Panaf, London, 1974, p. 9-11.)
Para
liberar las masas africanas oprimidas de sus complejos de inferioridad,
sus relaciones amo-esclavo, sus ilusiones éticas y religiosas y sus
ideologías coloniales y racistas, desarrolló una práxis científica y
una teoría filosófica específica para la emancipación africana en su
obra “Consciencism: The Philosophy of the African Revolution”.
Especialmente
válido para el Movimiento Bolivariano entero, lo siguiente es lo que
entendió por una práxis y teoría revolucionaria y dialéctica:
“Revoluciones
son generadas por hombres, hombres que piensan como hombres de la
acción y actúan como hombres del pensar. ... Preferimos el
auto-gobierno peligroso a la servidumbre tranquila”.
Cuando
regresó de la Conferencia de Bandung en 1955, Nkrumah era convencido
que el socialismo liberaría a Africa de los vicios capitalistas del
mercado mundial, sacando Ghana y otros países del “Tercer Mundo” de los
tentáculos del sistema de comercio colonial, reduciendo así su
dependencia del capital y la tecnología extranjera. En otras palabras,
igual que el Presidente Chávez manifestó: “El camino es el Socialismo!”
Sin
embargo, Ghana, que ya se había reducido a una economía colonial y
monocultural de la producción de cacao, que dependía de los precios en
el mercado mundial, no tenía un chance real de alcanzar la
industrialización masiva. Los diferentes proyectos económicos costosos,
que introdujo Nkrumah, generalmente no tenían éxito. Dejar caer el
precio del mercado de cacao fue precisamente el arma económica que
utilizó el imperialismo mundial para quebrantar este paradigma
revolucionario, impidiendo así toda forma de una posible y futura
independencia económica. (Véase también:
Igual
que hoy Presidente Chávez de Venezuela, más que 40 años atrás, Nkrumah
llegó a la conclusión lógica que para mucho tiempo los efectos
capitalistas, coloniales y neocoloniales iban a permanecer en Africa,
salvo si pasa algo muy radical para cambiar drásticamente este estatus
quo tan explotador y dominador.
Nkrumah
vio el socialismo como el camino a seguir. Sin embargo, para preservar
los valores humanos africanos, en el espíritu de Frantz Omar Fanon,
para crear una identidad original y auténtica de la emancipación
africana, se distanció del ideológicamente infectado “Socialismo
Africano” de muchos otros “líderes” del movimiento de liberación.
En
“Lucha de clases en Africa” analizó las estructuras sociales
específicas de Africa, los conflictos sociales internos y externos y en
“Sendero Revolucionario” indicó el camino de la lucha armada, que hay
que seguir.
En
este trabajo de 1970, ya fuera del poder, Nkrumah señaló que el único y
verdadero camino hacia la independencia total en Africa, Asia y América
Latina era a través de la “lucha de clases”. Analizó las estructuras de
clase en la verdadera situación histórica africana y en acuerdo con
Fanon, concluyó que la alianza entre los campesinos y los trabajadores
de Africa, liderada por su vanguardia revolucionaria, debería
liberarlos por medio de la lucha armada de sus amos coloniales
fascistas. A nivel político, los trabajadores urbanos ganarían sobre
los campesinos progresistas y llevarían a la potencial revolución
nacional hasta los sectores rurales. Esos “condenados de la tierra”,
esta base popular millonaria le dará a la Revolución Africana su
verdadero vigor y fuerza de combate.
Antes,
en 1968, en su “Manual para la Guerra Revolucionaria”, que fue escrita
para las guerrillas africanas, explicó concretamente la auto-defensa
armada y la futura construcción de un Ejército de Liberación
Pan-Africano contra el imperialismo y el fascismo global. (Véase: Kwame
Nkrumah; Handbook of Revolutionary Warfare, I. P., New York, 1980.)
Ya
en aquel entonces, Nkrumah sugirió urgentemente la formación de una
organización militar continental efectiva, para planificar las futuras
tácticas y estrategias de una auto-defensa de la Revolución Africana al
estilo de Fanon. Hizo propuestas concretas para la coordinación
política y militar de la lucha armada emancipatoria.
En
la segunda parte de su “Manual” resumió las experiencias de la guerra
de guerrillas y resistencia popular armada en Rusia Soviética, China,
Vietnam, Argelia y Cuba. Enfatizó que la venidera lucha revolucionaria
global contra el imperialismo y neocolonialismo es lógica e inevitable;
no tenemos el lujo de una alternativa, estamos enfrentando una
necesidad liberatoria, la dimensión de esta respuesta revolucionaria
armada al imperialismo es tan inmensa que Africa misma. Según él, la
lucha armada de los pueblos de Africa es la forma más alta de la acción
política, de la práxis social y podría ser el catalizador continental
para iniciar el fuego humano global, que extingue el neocolonialismo
para siempre. (Handbook of..., p. 42-56.)
Ya tan
temprano como en 1963, en su famosa obra “Africa tiene que unirse”,
inter alia, sugirió la formación de lo siguiente:
A. Un
mercado común para Africa;
B. Una
moneda única para Africa;
C. Un
Banco Central para Africa;
D. Una
zona financiara común para Africa;
E. Un
sistema de comunicación continental africano;
F. Una
fuerza armada continental para Africa.
Obviamente
esto fue demasiado para el imperialismo europeo y norteamericano en
Africa, y tenía que acabar con Patrice Lumumba, Frantz Omar Fanon y
Kwame Nkrumah.
En
Ghana, como ya señalamos, el gobierno de Nkrumah fue tumbado en 1966, y
fue reemplazado exitosamente por regímenes marionetas derechos e
izquierdistas. Su “Organización de la Unión Africana” degeneró en un
programa de entrevistas de traidores neocoloniales y ni siquiera
Khadafi de Libia podía salvarla. Su Comité para la Liberación apoyó a
“movimientos de liberación” y “luchadores para la libertad” reformistas
y neocoloniales.
La
versión africana del ALCA norteamericano llegó en forma de la Nueva
Asociación para el Desarrollo Africano (NEPAD) “como visión y marco
estratégico para el Renacimiento Africano”, que Thabo Mbeki de la
Sudáfrica post-apartheid glorificó tan elocuentemente. El NEPAD
neocolonial fue bautizado con honores por la OAU – originalmente
fundada por Nkrumah – en su 37 cumbre en julio de 2001. Antes Argelia,
Egipcio, Nigeria, Senegal y Sudáfrica obtuvieron el mandato de producir
“un marco de desarrollo socio-económico para Africa”.
A
primera vista, los principios, las prioridades y los programas del
NEPAD, igual que en el caso del ALCA, parecen plausibles, sustentables
y adecuados, sin embargo, vistos desde más cerca, no tienen nada que
ver con integración africana, independencia, socialismo y emancipación.
Al
contrario, el NEPAD quiere “construir la competitividad entre países
africanos y el continente”; para “asegurar, que todas las asociaciones
con NEPAD están vinculadas con los Objetivos de Desarrollo del
Milenio”; etc. Su programa de acción “es una iniciativa para el
desarrollo sustentable holística, comprensiva e integrada para el
reavivamiento de Africa”.
http://www.nepad.org/2005/files/inbrief.php
Bien,
no hay señas de ALBA de Chávez algunas y en ninguna parte. Patrice
Lumumba, Frantz Omar Fanon y Kwame Nkrumah, incluyendo a José Martí y
Simón Bolívar, voltearían en sus tumbas, si podrían ver lo que nuestros
actuales “grandes líderes” africanos entienden por unión, integración y
emancipación.
Por
cierto, Africa es la cara oscura de la Revolución Bolivariana, Europa
es su pálida pesadilla reformista, Norteamérica es su calamidad nazi
descarada.
La
mayor parte de nuestros actuales e inmediatos esfuerzos emancipatorios
latinoamericanos se forma de lo que hace 40 años atrás Kwame Nkrumah ya
estaba soñando, en base de experiencias revolucionarias globales del
pasado, tenemos que construir nuestro ALBA, nuestra “Organización para
la Unión Americana”, nuestro Socialismo.
Finalmente,
Kwame Nkrumah nos enseñó lo siguiente: “La mejor manera de aprender de
ser un país independiente y soberano es ser un país independiente y
soberano”.
Kwame Nkrumah: The dark face of the Bolivarian Revolution
By
Franz J.T. Lee
Kwame
Nkrumah: The dark face of the Bolivarian Revolution (Document)
Surely,
Latin America and Venezuela have to create their own revolutionary
praxis and theory, to realize their own socialism, however, out of
ignorance we should not repeat the fatal mistakes, concerning unity and
integration, that occurred elsewhere, for example, on the African and
Asian continents already nearly half-a-century ago.
Our
current Bolivarian relations to Africa should not be only diplomatic,
economical or commercial; for the sake of our own emancipatory
advancement, they have to be, all in one, historical, social, global
and emancipatory.
Only
in this way, we need not go North, East or West, but straight forward.
We
have to know, to learn from past revolutionary experiences, in order
that the Bolivarian Revolution could transcend myopic, parochial
vendettas, the current imperialist stumbling-blocks, and henceforth
invent new social arms to defend ourselves against the current, fierce
Yankee attacks, the unscrupulous, lying Leviathan of the mass media, to
surpass global, world fascism, that is, to be invincible, to introduce
our own socialism, together with those of others, especially of Africa,
on a world scale.
This
is what deepening of the revolution ... socialist, permanent revolution
... is all about.
For
all these reasons, we have to study conscientiously the totality of the
equal, unequal and combined trans-historical relations and events on a
world scale. We have to learn and study the past and present African
revolutionary lessons of continental integration and solidaric unity,
to enrich our own Latin American, emancipatory endeavors.
Here,
in a short commentary, we cannot go into much detail concerning the
daily actions and thoughts of the various titanic, African
revolutionary leaders, for example, of Kwame Nkrumah, of Patrice
Lumumba, also not delve profoundly into their numerous scientific and
philosophic works.
We
can only blaze the trail, to encourage our Bolivarian comrades, by
studying other languages, to understand other views, to learn from the
African liberatory experience, but, also to avoid the catastrophic
results of continental disunity, imperialist collaboration and criminal
betrayal of the deepest aspirations, sentiments and wishes of millions
of oppressed and exploited peoples. The African parallels ... in
unequal historical space and time ... to the current situations in
Latin America, to President Chávez, are fascinating, so obvious, thus,
only here and there we will directly make some specific references.
Everything
said here, directly concerns the Bolivarian Revolution.
Next
to Patrice Lumumba, Frantz Omar Fanon, Nelson Mandela and others, Kwame
Nkrumah ... one of the greatest African leaders and revolutionaries, in
the epoch of "decolonization", of launching European and North American
neo-colonization ... was born in Nicroful, in the British-ruled colony,
the Gold Coast, on September 21, 1909. Originally he was named Francis
Nwia-Kofi, only later in 1945, he changed his identity to Kwame
Nkrumah. In 1935, as a trained teacher, he left for the USA; till 1945,
there he further pursued university studies.
In
1945, together with George Padmore and other future African presidents,
he participated in the organization of the Sixth Pan-African Congress
in Manchester, England. Two
years later, he returned to the Gold Coast, the future Ghana, and in
1949, he founded the Convention People's Party (CPP) In
1950, during heavy social upheavals, that swept across the country, he
was jailed. In the elections of 1951, his political party, the CPP,
won, and he was liberated, to form the new government that led to the
independence of Ghana in 1957. In
1960 Ghana was declared a republic, and two years later, in August,
1962, at Kulungugu, in the Northern Region, he was already a target for
the British and international CIA "Death Squads"; luckily he escaped
assassination. What
concerns us especially here in Venezuela and Latin America, is
Nkrumah's radical Pan-African policy ... explained in his work, "Africa
Must Unite" ... the formation of the "Organization of African Unity"
(OAU) in 1963, and like Fidel Castro, his unconditional support of all
revolutionary, anti-colonial movements in Africa and elsewhere.
However,
just like our President Hugo Chavez , he experienced the same national
and international hateful slandering campaigns, the vicious attacks of
the global mass media. Furthermore, while on an official trip to
Beijing, China, and to Hanoi, North Vietnam, he was overthrown by a
military coup, organized by the British Secret Service and its global,
bloodthirsty allies in 1966. He spent the rest of his life in exile,
aided by his friend, President Sekou Toure of Guinea; there, in
Conakry, he continued writing his books. On April 27, 1972, while
receiving medical treatment against cancer, he died in Bucharest,
Romania. However, till this day, his revolutionary daydream about a
liberated "United States of Africa" still lives on.
Among
his most famous political, revolutionary writings, which we will
comment below, are the following:
1947:
"Towards Colonial Freedom"
1957:
"African Socialism Revisited"
1961:
"I speak of Freedom"
1963:
"Africa Must Unite"
1964:
"Consciencism: Philosophy of the African Revolution"
1965:
"Neo-Colonialism, the Last Stage of Imperialism"
1968:
"Handbook for Revolutionary Warfare"
1970:
"Class Struggle in Africa"
1973:
"Revolutionary Path
Here
we will just comment generally about these theoretical works and the
serious attempts to convert them into revolution praxis in Africa.
Immediately,
when it became clear what he was up to, in the huge national and
international mass media, Nkrumah was slandered as a dangerous
"dictator", a blood-thirsty "tyrant", suffering from a
psychopathological "personality cult", putting up huge statues of
himself all over Ghana, and of forming a one-party, communist,
undemocratic State.
Well,
we really want news, we in Venezuela and Cuba, already know all these,
especially their relations to dis-information campaigns, big lies, big
business and destabilization conspiracies. In
a nut-shell, to accomplish Continental Freedom, he emphasized African
Unity, described in his work "Africa Must Unite", and with others, in
1963, he founded the "Organization of African Unity", including its
Liberation Committee. Against what African integration and class
struggle were directed he narrated in detail in his "Neocolonialism,
the Last Stage of Imperialism".
In
this work, he stated that modern neo-colonialism ... nowadays also
called "savage neo-liberalism" ... with its fake democracy and
political independence, represents late imperialism in its final, and
perhaps most dangerous stage. The social essence of neo-colonialism is
that ideologically the State ... adorned with all kinds of democratic
gems, with national and international sovereignty, supposedly
politically independent ... in reality, is completely directed from
outside, from the metropolitan countries. He concluded that it is also
the worst form of imperialism itself; for those who practice it, it
means global power without responsibility, and for those who suffer
under it, signifies endless exploitation without any remedy.
(See:
Kwame Nkrumah: Neo-colonialism, the Last Stage of Imperialism, Panaf,
London, 1974, p. 9-11.)
To
liberate the oppressed Africans masses from their inferiority
complexes, master and slave relations, ethical and religious illusions
and colonial, racist ideologies, in his work, "Consciencism: The
Philosophy of the African Revolution", he developed a specific
scientific praxis and philosophic theory for African emancipation.
Especially
valid for the whole Bolivarian movement, this is what he understood by
dialectical, revolutionary praxis and theory:
"Revolutions
are brought about by men, by men who think as men of action and act as
men of thought. ... We prefer self-government with danger to servitude
in tranquility."
Returning
from the Bandung Conference in 1955, Nkrumah was convinced that
socialism would liberate Africa from the capitalist vices of the world
market, moving Ghana and other "Third World" countries, out of the
tentacles of the colonial trade system, hence reducing their dependence
on foreign capital and technology. In other ways, like President
Chavez, he stated; "Socialism is the Path!"
However,
Ghana, already reduced to a colonial, mono-cultural economy of cocoa
production, dependent on world market prices, had no real chance of
achieving massive industrialization. The various economic, expensive
projects that Nkrumah launched, were generally unsuccessful. By
dropping the market price of cocoa, this was precisely the economic
weapon that world imperialism used to crush this revolutionary
paradigm, thus preventing all forms of possible, future, economic
independence.
Like
President Chavez of Venezuela today, more than forty years ago, Nkrumah
arrived at the logical conclusion that for a very long time, the
capitalist, colonial and neo-colonial effects were going to stay in
Africa, unless something very radical happens to drastically change
this exploitative, dominating status quo. He saw socialism as the path
to follow. However, to preserve African human values, in the spirit of
Frantz Omar Fanon, to create an original, authentic African
emancipatory identity, he distanced himself from the ideologically
infested "African Socialism" of many other "leaders" of the liberation
movement.
In
"Class Struggle in Africa" he analyzed the specific social structures
of Africa, the internal and external social conflicts, and in
"Revolutionary Path", he indicated the road of armed struggle to be
taken. In
this writing, in 1970, already thrown out of power, Nkrumah indicated
that the only real road towards total independence in Africa, Asia and
Latin America, was via the "class struggle". He analyzed the class
structures in the real African historical situation, and, in accordance
with Fanon, concluded that the alliance of the peasants and workers of
Africa, led by their revolutionary vanguard, should liberate themselves
by armed struggle from their colonial, fascist masters. Politically,
the urban workers should win over the progressive peasants and take the
potential national revolution to the agricultural, rural sectors, to
the countryside. These "wretched of the earth", this millionfold
popular base, will give the African revolution its true vigor and
striking force.
Later,
in 1968, in his "Handbook for Revolutionary Warfare", written for the
African guerrilleros, concretely he explained armed self-defense, and
the future construction of a Pan-African Liberation Army, against
global imperialism and fascism.
(See:
Kwame Nkrumah; Handbook of Revolutionary Warfare, I. P., New York,
1980.)
Already
then, in 1968, Nkrumah urgently suggested the establishment of an
effective, continental, military organization, to plan the future
tactics and strategies for Fanonian self-defense of the African
Revolution. He made concrete proposals for the political and military
co-ordination of the emancipatory, armed struggle.
In
the second part of his "Manual", he summarized the experiences of
guerrilla warfare and popular armed resistance in Soviet Russia, China,
Vietnam, Algeria and Cuba. He emphasized that the coming global
revolutionary struggle against imperialism and neocolonialism is
logical and inevitable; we do not have the luxury of an alternative, we
are facing a liberatory necessity, the dimension of this armed
revolutionary answer to imperialism is as immense as Africa itself.
According to him, the armed struggle of the peoples of Africa is the
highest form of political action, of social praxis, it could be the
continental catalyzer to spark off the global human fire to extinguish
neo-colonialism forever. (Handbook of..., p.p. 42-56.)
As
early as 1963, in his famous work, "Africa Must Unite", inter alia, he
suggested the establishment of the following:
A.
A Common Market for Africa;
B.
A Common Currency for Africa;
C.
A Central Bank for Africa:
D,
A Common Monetary Zone for Africa;
E.
An African Continental System of Communication;
F.
A Continental Armed Force of Africa.
Obviously
this was too much for European and North American imperialism in
Africa, they had to get rid of Patrice Lumumba, Frantz Omar Fanon and
Kwame Nkrumah.
In
Ghana, as we related, Nkrumah's government was overthrown in 1966, and
was replaced successively by rightist and leftist puppet regimes. His
"Organization of African Unity" degenerated into a Talk Shop of
Neo-Colonial Quislings, not even Khadafi of Libya could save it
anymore. Its Liberation Committee supported reformist, neocolonial
"liberation movements" and "freedom fighters".
The
African version of the North American ALCA came in the form of the New
Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD) "as vision and strategic
framework for Africa's Renaissance", that Thabo Mbeki of post-Apartheid
South Africa so eloquently glorified. The neo-colonial NEPAD was
honorably baptized by the OAU ... originally founded by Nkrumah, ... at
its 37th summit meeting in July 2001. Earlier, Algeria, Egypt, Nigeria,
Senegal and South Africa were given the mandate to produce "a
socio-economic development framework for Africa".
On
their face value, the principles, priorities and programs of NEPAD,
like in the case of the ALCA, seem plausible, sustainable and adequate,
however, seen at a closer look, they have nothing to do with African
integration, independence, socialism and emancipation.
On
the contrary, the NEPAD wants to "build the competitiveness of African
countries and the continent"; to "ensure that all Partnerships with
NEPAD are linked to the Millennium Development Goals"; etc. Its program
of action "is a holistic, comprehensive and integrated sustainable
development initiative for the revival of Africa."
Well,
no sign of Chavez' ALBA anywhere. Patrice Lumumba, Frantz Omar Fanon
and Kwame Nkrumah, including Jose Marti and Simon Bolivar, would turn
in their graves, if they could see what our current African "great
leaders" understand by unity, integration and emancipation.
For
sure, Africa is the dark face of the Bolivarian Revolution, Europe is
its pale-faced reformist nightmare, North America is its bare-faced
nazi plague. The
lion's share of our current, immediate Latin American emancipatory
tasks is composed of that what Kwame Nkrumah forty years ago was
already daydreaming about, On the basis of past, global, revolutionary
experiences, we have to construct our ALBA, our "Organization for
American Unity", our Socialism.
Finally,
Kwame Nkrumah taught us: " The best way of learning to be an